PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN WIVES REVOLVE AND OUR HUSBAND HAS GONE MAD AGAIN

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1.1     Background of the Study

The Insourcing and/or Outsourcing decision is referred to in purchasing as sourcing policy decision and it is one of the most important decision points for any organization because it has a multiple and web like effect on the life of the organization.

Managers of businesses most especially manufacturing organizations faces a series of important and determining questions which must be answered correctly if the organization is to succeed in midst of competition.

The Purchasing Manager must first address the question of which product or service best fits the needs of the organization and should the organization produce (make or insource) what is consumed or buy from outside suppliers? The questions arising from this is that, if they decide to buy from outside suppliers, will the organization buy from a single supplier (single source) or from several suppliers (multiple source); even when that is answered, the questions will still be, should we buy directly from manufacturers or use intermediaries or may be, the organization should both insource and outsource simultaneously.

However, before an organization can come to any decision as to whether to make what it consume inhouse or to buy from outside suppliers (outsourced) several factors such as financial consideration, cost consideration, core competence consideration and a way they will have to be critically analyzed to see how they will affect the organization productivity.

Outsourcing therefore, is a purchasing policy where outside suppliers are engaged to supply an organization with its materials requirements.

Insourcing on this other hand signifies a situation where what the organization needs, it produces and consumes. Several factors as already indicated will need to be explained before an organization could come to any of these sourcing policy decisions. These shall be the fulcrum of this study.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

In an attempt to enhance their competitiveness, organizations are increasingly turning to outsourcing. The argument is that outsourcing is a way of achieving strategic goals, reduce cost, improve customers satisfaction and to provide other efficiencies and effectiveness (overall productivity).

However, NOCACO has long been using outsourcing in the realization of its needed materials, yet with the supposed advantages of outsourcing. The organization has experience a tremendous fall in productivity, cost of doing business has become almost exorbitant, quality has been falling and market shares and sales have also fallen.

Another issue that calls for concern is that, the organization has been using single sourcing policy which sometimes causes delays in the supply of necessary materials used for production. The question that emanates from these issues for this study is that, should the organization continue with the outsourcing policy and examine other factors or considers insourcing policy? Or should the organization insource and outsource at the same time?

1.3     Objective of the Study

The researched is aimed at setting the effect of insourcing or outsourcing decision on the productivity of Northern Cable Processing and Manufacturing Company (NOCACO) Kaduna.

The main objective is built around a number of specific objectives, among these are:

i)                   To determine the process the organization follow in outsourcing of contracts.

ii)                To identify criteria for insourcing or outsourcing.

iii)              To examine the benefits of insourcing or outsourcing.

iv)              To identify the cost involved in Insourcing or outsourcing decision.

v)                To determine the effect of insource and outsource on productivity.

1.4     Significance of the Study

The research work is of immense significance.

the research will serve as a guide for other researchers who may want to do a further study on the same problem. It will also benefit the organization understudied, to help it make a better choices as to whether to insource an activity or outsource it. The general public will also benefit from the explanation of this five principle, other manufacturers and service providers will also find it handy and helpful in deciding on the questions whether to insource or outsourced; and the implications for each decision taken.

MOTIVATIONAL NEEDS OF PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN NIGERIA.

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Teacher motivation naturally has to do teacher’s desire in participation in the education process. Motivation is commonly assumed to be a good thing that goes in influencing individual’s behaviors and performance at work. The study addressed the motivational needs of teacher’s the factors responsible for lack of motivational of the teacher’s and strategies for improving the motivational needs, these needs include from society, good school building and entitlement. Furthermore, poor payment of salary and entitlement, poor school building conditions, lack of respect from the society are some of the factors responsible for lack of teacher’s motivation. However restoration of teachers past glory will go a long way in motivating teachers, salaries must be paid as at when due and teaching facilities and to enhance teachers productivity.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      i

Declaration     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      ii

Certification    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      iii

Dedication      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      iv

Acknowledgement  –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      v

Abstract –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      vi

Table of Contents   –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      vii

 

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction

Background of the study       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      1

Statement of the general problem        –      –      –      –      –      5

Objectives of the study –      –      –      –      –      –      –      7

Significance of the study       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      7

Scope of the study –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      9

Limitations     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      9

 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review

Introduction    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      10

Motivational Needs of Teachers     –      –      –      –      –      10

Factors responsible for lack of motivation     –      –      –      38

Strategies for Importing Teachers motivation      –      –      –      44

 

CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology     

Introduction    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      59

Research design     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      59

Area of the study    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      60

Population of the study –      –      –            –      –      –      60

Sample and sampling procedure    –      –      –      –      –      60

Instrument for data collection       –      –      –      –      –      –      60

Validity of the instrument      –      –      –      –      –      –      61

Reliability of the instrument   –      –      –      –      –      –      62

Data collection       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      62

Method of Data Analysis        –      –      –      –      –      –      –      62

 

CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation & Analysis

Introduction    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      63

Presentation and Analysis of Data –      –      –      –      –      64

 

CHAPTER FIVE:    Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation and Suggestion

Introduction          –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      79

Restatement of the problem  –      –      –      –      –      –      79

Description of procedure Used      –      –      –      –      –      80

Summary              –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      81

Conclusion             –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      82

Recommendation    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      82

Suggestion            –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      84

Reference              –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      85

Appendix               –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      89

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Motivation is the term used to describe the processes, both instructive and rational which people seek to satisfy their basic derives, perceived needs and personal goal which trigger human behaviour (Cole 1885) it is indeed the force that energize behaviour. The task before the researcher is to know what actually motivates teachers to work hard and use those factors to proffer solutions in order to get the best from the teachers or allow the teachers to contribute effectively towards the accomplishment of the set goal and to satisfy their own needs in the process.

 

An employer should be aware that the employees have different needs, different desires for responsibility, different level of knowledge and skills and different passive and are manipulated, motivated and controlled by the government as the knows what the citizens need and provide some of these needs. Needs may also be as a result of behaviour for instance a person’s needs for accomplishment may be made stringer by the satisfaction he derives from achieving a desired goal or it may be dulled by failure (William 1993).

 

Teachers education is one of the mainstays of democracy and national stability in the country because teachers in any country are said to be the most reliable industry that can put the country on lead the load to self – reliance because teacher’s are the producers of the manpower needs of the nation which will in turn provide the needed skills and labour of every sectors, example industrial, technological, health, scientific and social which form the core of the nations self – reliance.

 

The teacher is a vital factor to be reckon with in any educational system. Education is a must in the life of a nation that aspires for greatness. Good education must be qualitative and functional. A qualitative and functional education relies largely on a core of devoted, knowledgeable, competent and well – trained teachers who are exposed to real life situation State Primary Education Board (SPEB, 1994).

 

The continuance and survival of our educational system at all levels depends largely on the quality and quantity of professional teachers. This can only be achieved by meeting the motivational needs of teachers, need identification refers to what you require to enable you to do your work more effectively. But to say this is easier than doing it for various reasons.

 

Firstly, your own needs as an individual are forever changing as you grow older and more and more matured. Secondly the nature of your job, whether as a teacher or head continues to evolve, partly because of the results of the development of your own country, but also because of new inventions and the changing relationship of the human race to planet earth (Sisimayi, 1993)

 

According to Best (1984) “Education was seen as the necessary instrument immediately and essentially for the consolidation of the independence for securing the new nation against neocolonialism and for making workable the newly established self – government in a multi – ethic society” In view of this, mass education at least to the level of literacy was also viewed by the Nigeria leaders to be the basis to create a proper foundation for a democratic government. Up to date the desire to use education for national building has been very compelling, and so much as the faith in education that the school of the socialization but also for other social functions and for economic growth and development In attempt to achieve these goods, Universal Primary Education (UPE) and the Universal Basic Education (UBE) were introduced nationwide 1970 and 2000 respectively, although before these times, these were seen  and practiced in some parts of the country like the former western Nigeria under the late Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Today, Nigeria has witnessed a phenomenal expansion at all levels of her education.

 

Even though, the laudable motives seemed to justify the very high cost of the expanded education programme, especially of the late 1970s the schools in Nigeria are not really effective engines for the resulted into very disappointing performance at the school level, and as the basis of further academic achievements, the situation actually tends towards threatening the future of the nation. This situation is so because the able leaders that will be produced for the future cannot be illiterate and ignorantly trained.

 

The ugly situation has been causing a lot of concern and fears to various government quarters educationist, philanthropist, parents and the generality of the Public. Kolo, (2000) concluded that “This declining trend has been causing a lot of concern and fears in of various governmental quarters since the report concluded that the nation is heading for the breeding of generations illiterate Nigerians. The failure of Nigerian schools is thus indicating that the health and well – being of the nation’s society may be in jeopardy”.

 

Statement of the Problem

The problem for the study is that primary school teachers are not properly motivated because the authorities and the society as well as the system do not in any way seem to meet their needs, morally, economically, psychologically, socially to mention just a few, hence, that is why you see teachers are not given the due respect in the society but even pupils that they teach, because of their low level of economic power in the society that worship material rather than dignity. They are most at times treated and considered as nothing in the eyes of the society. It is in the light of the above that this research intends to investigate their motivational needs so that at the end of the study, solutions will be provided or recommended that can give the teacher his rightful place in the society.

 

Ironically, it can be seen or observed that teachers at all levels are relegated to the background and teaching itself which hitherto was humble, respected and highly motivated profession has become a job and thus becoming a dumping ground that is not respected by even those in the teaching profession talk less of others. While those in charge of ensuring adequate monitoring supervision and evaluation as well as reward of the system goes to the hard working staff and punishment go to the truants are nonetheless not doing their work because they too are not motivated. Worst hit by this act of share neglect are the primary school teachers who most of the time are teaching under a very pathetic and unfavorable atmosphere that portrays nothing but the ghost shadow of this noble profession.

THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING ON TEACHING AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ON TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE.

 

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1.1     Background of the Study

Nigerian Educational System has gone through various developments and changes viz-a-viz curriculum issues. The dynamic nature of the curriculum process informs the concept of effective planning of integrated science curriculum in secondary schools.

This is so because science education plays a vital role in the lives of individuals and the development of a nation scientifically and technologically (Aleboisu and Ifamuyiwa, 2008). It is widely and generally acknowledged that the gateway to the survival of a nation scientifically and technologically is scientific literacy which can only be achieved through science education. This starts from giving students a good foundation in integrated science from junior secondary level.

But government in this direction can not be said to have yielded much fruits given the dwindling nature of student’s performance in integrated science in junior secondary school and the low rate of students offering science in senior secondary school as well as their performance in core science subjects.

Disturbed by this ugly development, researchers in the field of science education in Nigeria embarked on series of studies to find the logic behind this ugly development. They found that the problem stemmed from the first form of science a child comes across at the junior secondary school level that is integrated science. Integrated science provide students sound basis for further science education study, hence a child that is not well grounded in integrated science at this level would not show interest in offering core science subject (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) at Senior Secondary Schol level which are pre-requisites for studying science oriented courses at the Nation’s tertiary institutions.

They also found that lack of qualified teachers, lack of practical work as well as lack of equipments and facilities for teaching, insufficient allotment of time for integrated science on the school time table and poor methods of teaching are the major factors militating against the successive implementation of the core curriculum in integrated science (Ajuwape and Olatoye, 2004).

It is against this background that the researcher seeks to investigate the subject matter of this research: The impact of effective planning and curriculum development on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary school.

1.2     Statement of Problem

Integrated Science have been taught in Junior Secondary Schools since 1972 in order to inculcate science knowledge and encourage students to offer science subjects in Senior Secondary School (Ifamuyiwa, 2008).

But inspite of this, government effort cannot be said to have yielded much fruits given the dwindling nature of students’ performance in integrated science which has a negative effect on the future performance of those offering core science and consequently poor performance inc ore subjects in WAEC and NECO examination which are prerequisites for studying in the Nation’s tertiary institutions. This has been attributed to myriad of problems ranging from lack of qualified teachers, lack of equipments and facilities for teaching, lack of practical works, insufficient allotment of time for integrated science on the school time table and poor teaching methods.

Disturbed by this trend, the subject matter of this research: the impact of effective planning and curriculum development on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary school becomes an empirical problem worthy of investigation. As such the researcher seeks to find out if the integrated science curriculum is effectively planned to enhance effective teaching and learning of integrated science from JSS I to JSS III in sequential order of simple to complex topics.

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The overall objective of this study is to determine the impact of effective planning and curriculum development on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary schools. To this end, the study seeks to accomplish the following specific objectives:

i)                        To determine the effect of planning on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary school.

ii)                        To examine the effect of National Integrated Science Curriculum on teaching and learning in secondary schools.

iii)                        To identify the problems militating against the teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary schools.

iv)                        To proffer workable solutions to the identified problems.

TENSE ERRORS IN ENGLISH ESSAYS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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1.0     CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

This research work deals with tense errors in English essays of Secondary School. The research is to find out the type of tense errors committed by the students who have sat for their J.S.S.C.E examination.

1.2     Statement of Problem

It has been discovered that second language learners of English face some difficulties while learning the language. This is because most second language learners find it difficult to speak or write good English. With the above in mind, this research work focuses on Tense Errors in English Essays of Secondary Schools Students This is to find out the tense errors the students make, the causes and possible suggestion of how to reduce the problems.

The work addresses the following questions:

1.       What are the errors students made?

2.       What are the types of errors?

3.       What are the causes of the errors?

4.       What are the possible solutions to these errors?

FACTORS THAT GENERATE CONFLICT BETWEEN PRINCIPALS AND TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

 WITHIN ENUGU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE.

 

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The study principally aimed at identifying the factors that generate conflicts between principal and teachers within Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State. Principals and teachers were the subjects. Questionnaires were the instrument used in obtaining data for the study. Related literature were reviewed. Six research questions were formulated to guide this study and were answered using mean. The finding revealed factors that generate conflict between principals and teachers within Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State which include the leadership styles of principals, the leadership style of teacher, lack of dedication on to by teachers, lack of motivation of teacher, irregular payment of salaries and other benefits and poor information flow between teachers and principals. Suggestions were highlighted. Recommendation were also made.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:      INTRODUCTION

–              Background of the Study                                         1

–              Statement of the Problem                                        3

–              Purpose of the Study                                                       4

–              Significance of the Study                                         5

–              Scope of the Study                                                   6

–              Research Questions                                                 7

 

CHAPTER TWO:      REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

–              Duties of Secondary School Principals                    8

–              Leadership Styles of Secondary School Principals   12

–              Duties of Secondary School Teachers                      18

–              Factors that generate Conflict Between Principals

and Secondary School Teachers in Enugu East

Local Government Area                                            25

–              Summary of Review of Related Literature                 35

 

CHAPTER THREE:  RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

–              Research Design                                                      36

–              Area of the Study                                                     36

–              Population of the Study                                           36

–              Sample and Sampling Techniques                           37

–              Instrument for Data Collection                                37

–              Validation of the Instrument                                    38

–              Administration of the Instruments                           38

–              Method of Data Collection                                               39

–              Method of Data Analysis                                          39

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR:    DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

–              Research Question 1                                                        41

–              Research Question 2                                                        43

–              Research Question 3                                                        45

–              Research Question 4                                                        46

–              Research Question 5                                                        47

–              Summary of the Findings                                        49

 

CHAPTER FIVE:     DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

–              Discussion of the Findings                                      51

–              Conclusions                                                             53

–              Educational Implication of Findings                                53

–              Recommendations                                                   54

–              Limitations of the Study                                          55

–              Suggestions for Further Studies                              56

–              Summary of the Study                                             57

 

References                                                               58

Appendix                                                                 60

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of Study

The school as an organisation has its set goals and objectives which includes imparting knowledge (cognitive domain) character development (affective domain) and psycho-motor domain of future leaders. For those objectives to be achieved, a good working relationship between the school heads and their subordinate staff is important. This situation is expected to enhance or help build up an excellent academic environment and with subsequently influence positively the general academic results.

 

The above situation could be attained when the principles discharge their duties or obligations to teachers under their care and teachers in turn learn also to reciprocate by discharging their own duties to the students and the school in general.

 

According to Musaazi (1985) a good working relationship created the number of time conflict occur between them. This can be achieved when the principals show concern, for the welfare of the staff as well as that of the students. These includes recommending them for promotions through ideal performance evaluation, giving information that concern the teachers to them, helping to get their staffers salaries and benefits and giving considerable attention to each and collective problems of the teachers.

 

Now be it the reduction or elimination of conflicts in school depends not only on the principals but on teachers equally. Teachers should put in their best at all times. These include attending school functions and meeting, showing concern to the progress of the school.

 

Inspite of the above desirable conditions that are expected to exit in schools the issue of conflict between teachers and principals is still quite prevalent in our schools today. These conflicts take various forms and consequently affect the smooth running and achievements of the objectives of the school system. This issue of conflict attracted the concern of this researcher hence the need to identify the factors that generate conflict between secondary school principals and teachers within Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State.

 

Statement of the Problem

The school is a social organisation. For any organisation to be in cordial relationship with one another the staff of the organization, when people work in a conductive atmosphere, the goals and objectives of the organisation are easily realizable. In schools, the principal are the administrators while the teachers work under them. Their relationship is expected to be cordial so that peace, process and harmony will prevail in the institution.

However, the above condition is just the ideal. In real life situation one finds that the progress of the schools often marked by series of conflicts. These conflicts which emanate from various sources are never good for proper social and academic excellence. In view of this the problem of this study is as follows:

What are those factors that generate conflict between principals and teachers in secondary schools in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu state.

 

Purpose of the Study

The major purpose of this study was to identify the factors that generate conflict between principal and teachers in secondary schools, especially the study sought to:

1. Find out if the leadership style of principals create conflict between him/her and teachers
2. Find out if lack of dedication by teachers generate conflict between them and the principals
3. Find out if lack of motivation of teachers generate conflict between teachers and principals
4. Find out if regular payment of salaries and other benefits create conflict  between principals and teachers
5. If poor information flow create conflict between principals and teachers in secondary school.

 

 

Significance of the Study

This work is of great significance to many including teachers, principals, parents and students in the following ways.

Teachers good relationships with principals of their schools enhance production and indirectly provide basis for their promotion as and when due. Teachers are appraised by their principals annually. This annual assignment by the head teachers, the principal is an opportunity for him/her to use power. Any teacher that is not in good book of the principal will not pass and as such will not be promoted.

Students achieve much in atmosphere of peace and tranquility. The student are cheated in this regard where there are conflict among teachers and principals common conflict among teaching staff and principal include lateness to school, absence in class and non compliance to other rules in the school. All these directly affect teaching and learning. But when a child is properly taught, he/she will also learn very well.

This study is beneficial to the parents whose objective is to make their children learn. In an atmosphere of peace the parents will be rest assured of the safety of their children. The performance of students will also be enhanced in atmosphere of peace.

The principal of any school that achieve peace must have worked hard. Such principal must have applied conflict resolution strategies reveal in this work and or designed an administrative structure devoid of conflicts such as division of labour, dialogue and persuasion in their daily activities.