THE ROLE OF RADIO IN MOBILISING WOMEN FOR POLITICS IN NIGERIA.PERIOD OF STUDY: (1961 – 2004)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT

          The aim of this project is to analyse The Role of Radio in mobilising Women for politics in Nigeria period of Study from 19961 – 2004.

The system of Communication through Radio plays a major role in mobilisation of woman for politics on Nigeria, Improving lot of Nigeria women is a prime target.

In Nigeria with the regard to women politics and information awareness, radio plays major parts then any other means of communication. Meanwhile, women in the rural areas are more closer to radio, because it is cheaper and less expensive to maintain with radio information’s related to women mobilization for politics are easily communicated.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL PAGE     

DEDICATION            

ABSTRACT                

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     CHAPTER ONE

• NIGERIAN WOMEN MOBILIZATION IN THE PAST

• CHAPTER TWO
  • FEMINISM IN MAXISM

• CHAPTER THREE
• CHALLENGES TO WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION AND USE OF INFORMATION THROUGH THE RADIO

• CHAPTER FOUR
• NIGERIAN WOMEN AND THE RADIO

• CHAPTER FIVE
• CAPACITY BUILDING AND THE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

This systems of communication that is Radio pays a major role in mobilisation of women for politics in Nigeria. For majority of women groups in Nigeria, improving the lots of Nigeria women is a prime target for many of them also, the experience of the management of women is all facts if life is feasible to cultural practice of gender relations within the Nigeria Society. Let for many of the enlighten women in Nigeria, these practice have become acceptability of life and are not to be questioned.

The radio, because it is cheap, have become affordable easy access and have become a base means of mobilizing Nigeria women for politics. One thing that is glaring today in some of the Radio Stations in Nigeria is the presence of Nigeria women as news-makers. The women groups in Nigeria this have the greatest task of carrying out enlightenment campaigns over the Radio to educated Nigeria Women on their right and what constitutes violation of such right, some of these women groups that carries out campaign for women empowerment and participation of women in politics are viz.

WOMEN IN NIGERIA (WIN), NIGERIA

WOMEN’S RIGHT WATCH, CIVIL RESOURCE AND DOCUMENTATION CENTRE (CIBDDOC).

WOMEN’S CONSORTIUM OF NIGERIA. (WOCON). The list is not exhaustive.

The zonal workshops on women in Governance and Decision making network and working as a group was covered by the Imo State Radio and Radio Nigeria in Imo States. The zonal network groups are following capacity building framing activities designed to provide and contribute to the broader goal f empowering and advocating for the full participation of women and potential women leaders in governance and decision making interactive from the South Eastern States OF Nigerian and in particular from Imo State.

In Imo State within the last six months two senatorial zone were selected for intral zone networking workshops. The zonal networking workshops take place over three days. The first workshop was held in Orlu, East and Orlu west, while the other senatorial zone was Owerri Municipal local governments.

 

 

THE IMPACT OF ADVERTISING ON AN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY (IMT) ENUGU)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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Bank Name: GTBank
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Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

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ABSTRACT

This research work was carried out to ascertain the impact of advertising on an organization using IMT as a case of study. As a guide, seven research questions were generated as follows: –

To what extent does advertising persuade consumers to buy products or services of an organization?

What ate the contributions of advertising to the growth of organizations?

How can advertising sustain the interest of the target audience of an organization?

To what extent can institutional and services advertising boost the image of the institution?

Data were collected by means of questionnaire, oral interview and observation. The data collected were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Based on the analysis the major findings were as follows: –

Institutional and service advertising has popularized IMT across the federation.

IMT is one of the best polytechnics in Nigeria recommendation were made: –

For the sustenance and maintenance of image of the institution, institutional and cooperated or service advertising should be given priority of place. This will enable the institution to maintain continuous patronage.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Abstract

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Purpose of study
• Significance of the study
• Research question
• Research Hypothesis
• Scope of the study
• Definition of terms

Reference

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature review
• IMT and Advertising
• IMT Historical Background
• Stability and discipline in IMT
• Academic structure of IMT
• IMT Advert budget

Reference

CHAPTER THREE

• Research Methodology
• The Design
• Area of study
• Population of the study
• Sampling size/sampling Technique
• Instruments for data collection
• Method of data collection
• Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation and analysis
• Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary of findings
• Findings
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
• Area of further study
• Appendix

Reference

Questionnaire

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study

The dynamic nature of the present society poses serious challenges to organization and their products. The competitive market among manufacturing industries to get a fair share of the market, maximize profit, the desire to remain in business coupled with the explosive growth in information communication technology has a major impact on the way organization and institutions bring value to their customers. The quest to meet the need of customer, distribute product more effectively and service advertising (Gambo, 2000)

Advertising, according to Dum et al (1978) cited in Gambo (2000) is a paid non-personal communication through radio by business firms, non-profit marking organization, individual who are in some wax’s identified in the advertising message and who hope to inform and persuade member of a particular audience.

Eluwa (2005) notes that advertising in a integral part of our socio-economic system. In our complex society, advertising has evolved into a vital communication system for both consumers and business. The ability of advertising to deliver carefully proposed message to target audience has given it a major role in the marketing programme of most organizations.

In the words of Belch (2001), companies ranging from large multinational corporations to small retailers increasingly rely on advertising to help them market their products and services. In market-based economies, consumers have learnt to help on advertising and other forms of promotion for information their can use in making purchase decisions.

Over the decades, the amount of money spent on advertising sales promotion, direct marketing and other forms of marketing communication has increase tremendously both in the United State and in foreign markets.

Evidence of the increasing importance of adverting comes from the growth in expenditure. In 1980, advertising expenditures in the United State were 53 billion dollars. By 1996, an estimated 17 billion dollars was spent on local and national advertising (Ebue, 1995)

 

Belch (1992) explains that the tremendous growth in expenditure for advertising and advertising and promotion reflect in part the growth of the United State and global economics. The growth in promotional expenditure also neglect the fact marketers around the world recognize the value and importance of advertising.

Baran (2002) asserts that advertising has been practiced for thousand of years; industrialization has led to greater urbanization, which fuelled to growth of advertising.

Advertising, according Okoro (1995) dates back to ancient Egypt when the papyrus porters were found offering toward for return of run away slaves. In Greek and Roman days, signboards were placed above doors of business establishment and town cries proclaimed that merchants had certain wares for sale.

He further explains that as newspapers and magazines circulations increased and new technology advances were made at the turn of the center, advertising developed new slogans, better copy writers and artists developed methods of analyzing products, media and markets.

THE USE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA FOR CULTURAL PROMOTION IN NIGERIA

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The role which the mass media play in the day-to-day running and shaping of the society cannot be underestimated. The mass media, especially the electronic media, which include Radio, Television integrate the communal functions of the society: relating both the internal and external environment. This they do by re-creating, maintaining and reinforcing people, this means in their daily operations, the electronic media operate as essential tools for the direct projections of ideas, thoughts and information.

According to Becker L. (1983, 20) “The choice of behaviour, policies and services which help people to select and construct picture of the world around then tend largely to depend on communication and its pattern of handling information”.

SCHRAMN, W. (1963; 2), in his own view aligned indirectly with the belief of the above writer that “All sorts of technological innovations have accompanied the explosion of the electronic media, which opened sources and resources for information and entertainment, to support cultural and social changes”.

Despite the world-wide increase in the studies of the televised cultural programmes, little is known of how people perceive such programme; the major reason for this study is to find out if electronic media is an effective instrument for cultural propagation, since the electronic media reach millions of individuals daily and reflect societal values, these media have become targets for heavy scrutiny by researchers interested in determining the effects of cultural programmes on people. There is also strong evidence that at least some dysfunctional activities have been brought through interactions with Television and Radio. That is why CHUKUKERE, G. (1988; 148) in her own view stated “The electronic media have become a major force in Nigeria socio-cultural, political and economic development”

Melton, G. et al (1987; 20) on his own side rightly put it that “All media have the potential to affect culture and socialization”.

With all these we can see that the influence of the electronic media goes a long way in our national heritage, most especially the cultural propagation of Mgbidi town.

 

A BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MGBIDI TOWN.

Prior to the Institutionalization of Mass Communication , in its present form, community development had progressed form one generation to another generation.

In the days of old, communities or villages groups undertook various forms of projects such as villages, halls, Village Square with “juju” shrines and various other traditional projects peculiar to different communities. Such developments were usually initiated by age-grades in conformity with established traditions of the local area. The scale of such projects depended on the size of the community and the community’s quality of leadership and also available resources.

ROLES OF BANKING IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

The reason for banks striving to improve their profitability are obvious and varied. In this era of competitions, there is need for organizations, banks business enterprises churches, clubs etc. to evolve procedures to improve their performance to the benefits of their consumers and kowing fully well that times have change and also the creams of cutomers.

For bamks the need as more pronounced especially when they are faced with what we call institution and inter bank competition, which a times head to the declining profit margin of many banks consequent upon some factors as inflation and tight money supply measures of the permanent. The needs for competitions among banks and other public relations programs geared towards building good corporate image for their respective banks. Nigeria banks have recognized that effective public relations has become the integrating force which interprets their environment to the bank management, defines objective and building good will through good deeds. In furtherance of these objectives, many banks in Nigeria have introduced extra incentive such as credit cards, weekend banking organization all in attempt to provide exceptional services for their customers and to retain old customers, attract potential depositors and win public understanding. These banks adopting to change trends by creating effective public relations department as a tool to boost cooperate image are currently experiencing increases.

 

• HISTORICAL ROLES OF BANKING IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

Banks can be defined as an institution in which individuals keeps, exchange and transact money. Banking as an industry is impossible in a non-monitored economy. The growth of banks in the former British west Africa (Nigeria inclusive) did not start until the introduction of the British coinage and currency system in late 19^th century.

Banking business was first introduced in Nigeria in 1892. the first bank in Nigeria was the African Banking Corporation from 1892 banking activities started striving with life competition between rival banks. This was free banking era. It was characterized by non existence of banking legislation. Any body could set up bank provided he is registered under the provision of companies ordinance. The ordinance prohibited formation of a banking company unless it was registered as a company.

This period witnessed the establishment of the banks of British west Africa (BBWA), Barday Bank, Dominion Colonial and oversea bank, British and French banks, National bank of Nigeria and African continental bank limited.

THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMUNICATION

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT

        The thrust of the study fringed on the impact of News commercialization on mass media image inorder to achieve the goal, the researchers sub divided the work into file chapters in chapter – one the work dwelt on the background of the study, proposed some research problems objectives, significance and hypothesis, the next chapter touched on relever literature in the study while the third chapter examines the methodology the survey research method using the questionnaire was employed the simple percentage and frequency table were used to analyse the date and illustrate the results in chapter four. Four research questions were designed and four hypothesis formulated the four hypothesis received statistical support and upheld.

The research through made serious effort to make the worker comprehensive but cannot claim absolute confidence in the work. The research in chapter five summed up the study and made recommendations for further study.

The negative impact of this policy on mass media image is devastating and the research wants after forms of revenue to be beefed up and the policy stream lined to avoid conflict.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Abstract

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Statement of the research problem

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Research questions

Research hypothesis

Limitations of the study

Assumptions

Conceptual and operational definition

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Sources of literature

The review

Review of literature review

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

Research method

Research design

Research sample

Measuring instrument

Data collection

Data analysis

Expected results

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

Data analysis

Results

Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

Summary study

Recommendations for further study

References

Appendixes (Questionnaire)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

        Nothing is as contentious

Nothing is of utmost joy

Nothing is as rapturously delightful as an event whose time has come victor Hugor.

There are basically four avenues open for the mass media to raise funds for their operations. They are through government subvention advertising, sales of media revenue and denation. Today people donate funds for the man media operation the sale of media license is also a thing of the past while government subvention is on the decline this reviling.

Advertising is now the only source of revenue for the mass media. The introduction of structural adjustment programme SAP in 1986 by Ibrahim Babangida mitating administration seriously affected the lever of financing of the mass media industry as well the standard of living in Nigeria confirming a former Director of programmes Nigeria Television Authority Victoria Ezeokoli says:

NTA’s problems is not one of creating

Entertainment programmes. It is the big financial squeeze. It is the lack of facilities to produce high quality programmes to meet the very meticulous taste of Nigerians.

Since revenue derivable from Advertising alone was insufficient to run the media, the Hamza Zayyad’s technical committee on privatization and commercialization (TCPC) was set up to find out ways to sustain the mass media.

The committee recommended various ways to raise funds to pay salaries procure state of the art equipment and services some of the manageable outdate ones. One of the harsh measures were the deregulation of the Broadcast media and news commercialization the led to mass retrenchment of staff in government owned mass media outfits, commercial owned mass media outfits, commercial advertisement spot announcements, programme sponsorship and the notorious “let them pay” (LTD) charges to raise and increase revenue for the mass media. This policy made news a commodity to be paid for before they are disseminated to the audience through the concept of news as a commodity for sale started in 1811 when Samuel Gilbert started collecting news in his coffee bar/shop. His assistance Samuel Topliff took over the business of collecting news from Gilbert . he puts the news together and collect a fee before you read the news. Almost simultaneously Charleys Hauas began to sell news as a commodity in 1825. Bernald Wollf in 1848 also sold news in France as a commodity representing wolf Agency in 1851 Paulius Julius Reuter began to sell news as a commodity as an agent of Reuter News Agency But apart from the daily times news the world over are selected only for their traditional news values.