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Economic Project topics and Materials

IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL BANK IN NIGERIA ECONOMY

IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL BANK IN NIGERIA ECONOMY A CASE STUDY OF UNITED BANK OF AFRICAN (UBA)

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MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Host Link Global Services Ltd
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0138924237
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

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form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

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CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The economy of any country consist of sectors these sectors include industrial transport, agricultural, mineral production, manufacturing sector etc. All sectors of the economy work in an inter-related and inter-dependent whole, therefore any malfunction of one or more sectors of the economy automatically affect the economy as a whole. However, different sectors have different roles in the same economy. This truth also applied to banking sector in the Nigeria economy. Banking sector are more regulated in the Nigeria economy than other institution because of the rate at financial intermediaries. It is vary difficult to see any economy move forward without a sound financial sector capable of playing its significant role in resources mobilization and allocation. As financial intermediaries, banks sectors mobilize funds, from the surplus spending unit at a cost for an- leading such funds to the direct spending unit at a price. Commercial banks are financial institutions that deal with money and credit and also receive deposits from public and organisations. Some of which are repayable on demand by cheque. Commercial banks are public limited companies owned by shareholders. They operate in commercial basis, that is, they are out to maximize profit by trading in money. They differ from other banking financial institution because they honour cheques drawn by their customers on their demand deposit. The role of commercial bank in transforming the economic framework of Nigeria cannot be over-emphasized. In effect, they give out loans advances, thereby providing shorter and medium term capital for investors. The loan and advances may be in the form of direct loans, overdrafts by the discounting at bills. With the amount borrowed, investors could finance various project in the areas of industry, agriculture and commerce. This therefore, helps to speed up economic development. Finally, commercial banks constitute the heart of any barking system. They are involved in general banking services to their customers and also play various roles in ensuring economic development in Nigeria economy. Consequently, in-depth investigations were conducted in the following: a. Volume of loans given by commercial banks to economic sector in Nigeria b. In-depth analysis of the problem of economic development in Nigeria economy. c. Suggestions on how to alleviate some of the problems in order to achieve the derived objectives. Before and immediately after Nigerian independence in 1960, agriculture played a crucial rate in Nigeria economic development as a nation. It provided employment to millions of Nigerians and over 75 percent of the labour force mostly from rural areas, were into the sector. During this period, these sectors accounted for about 70% of Gross domestic product (GDP) this was a period when we were not virtually self sufficient in the production raw materials for industrial and major cash crops for experts. Indeed, agriculture provided the main stimulus to our national economy growth these contributions of agriculture to the over shadowed all other economic sector in the early 1960s. However, the reverse was the ease of agriculture in the societies when it place to the GDP element to only 304 by 1974 due to partly to the persistent neglect of the agricultural sector it self. In terms of the sector. It can therefore be said that the Nigeria economy has undergone structural changes in the three and half decades from predominantly agricultural economy in the 1960s to an economy mainly reliant on oil from the mind 1970s. The increased earning that is associated with the demand of Nigeria oil was not fully internalized into the economics system. The result was that, the consumption pattern because largely impart – oriented inability to rationalize imports when the ail boom gave way to oil glut which led to the emergence of trade areas. A growing debt burden also surfaced in he early 1980s as a result of jumbo loan contracted from the international capital market. More so, the pursuit of an own valued exchange rate policy, the subsequent relegation of agricultural sector to the back ground heavy public sector spending and the huge debt over-hang all combined to create distortions consumption and payment pattern. The sleep declined in oil earning in the 1980s necessitated a policy redirection aimed at realignment the domestic production with the local resources base. To this end, central bank of Nigeria consequently called for bidden for purpose of selling their banks, this was done after the option of merging their banks through intensive management board had failed to yield positive results. It should be noted that the potential investor must posses adequate financial and managerial knowledge to allow reoccurrence of part mistakes. However, the financial position of these banks deteriorated to the extent that the expected ….. were s.. of putting their hard earned resources into these banks. This prompted the withdrawal of licenses of 26 (13 commercial banks and merchant banks) by the CBN on January 16th 1998. With the collapse of such number of banks and the security and depositors, the central banks of Nigeria made it mandatory for banks of Nigeria made it mandatory for banks to raise their capital base to N25 billion on a before the end of December 2005. This created room fro mergers and acquisition amongst as this was a good option to sanitize the banking industries and restore confidential and depositor. Banks that failed to recapitalize were stated for liquidation. The choice of united bank for Africa (UBA) plc was not an accident; the bank is one of the Nigeria top three commercial banks Ltd. Established in 1961 by the constitution of five international banks to take over the banking business carried on in Nigeria since 1949 by British and French banks ltd. United Bank for African (UBA) Ltd. United bank for Africa (UBA) merged with standard trust Nigeria to meet the 25 billion and 429 branches, strategically spread all over Nigeria. The bank has recorded an impressure growth rate. UBA plc is active in all aspects of commercial banking and provides international banking, trusteeship, share registration, corporate financing and computer services through specialized division and subsidiaries. And aggressive business promotion strategy couple with a willingness to innovate has earned the bank an enviable position in the banking industry. UBA is strongly committed to its social responsibilities and identifies with the commerce in which is represented. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS Commercial banks in Nigeria undergo some problems which serve as hindrance to their rates in ensuring economic development to the economy of Nigeria. Some of these problems were indentified in the course of study. 1. The tedious procedures usually associated with opening of bank account and granting of bank facilities 2. The problems of low capital base on Nigerian commercial banks 3. The problem of easy access to bank loans. If the above stated problems are properly tackled, commercial banks would be able to play major roles in ensuring economic development in Nigeria. Beside, several studies have been undertaken to investigate the role of impact of commercial banks to economic development in Nigeria, but only few have studied commercial bank loans, interest rate and gross fixed capital formation as micro economic development in Nigeria.

mass communication project topics and materials for final year students

THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN CRISIS RESOLUTION

 THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN CRISIS RESOLUTION (A CASE STUDY OF IJAW/ITSEKIRI CRISI)

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

  • HEADQUARTERS RELOCATION AND POLITICAL ISSUES
  • THE TITLE OF OLUSHIP
  • ECONOMIC SABOTAGE
  • ITESKIRI CLAIMS
  • IJAWS/URHOBO CLAIMS
  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
  • PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
  • RESEARCH QUESTIONS
  • RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
  • DEFINITION OF TERMS
  • ASSUMPTIONS
  • LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE

 

CHAPTER THREE

  • RESEARCH METHOD

3.1    RESEARCH DESIGN

  • RESEARCH SAMPLING
  • MEASURING INSTRUMENT
  • DATA GATHERING
  • DATA ANALYSIS

 

CHAPTER FOUR

  • DATA ANALYSIS

4.1    RESULT

  • DISCUSSION

 

CHAPTER FIVE

  • SUMMARY

5.1    RECOMMENDATION

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT

In this study, I tried to examine the mass media as regards to whether they have played a role in the resolution of the Ijaw and Itsekiri Crisis, which started as far back as 1997 up till date. Hence this research work is carried out to determine to what extent the mass media could go in crisis resolution.

The first chapter contains the introduction, chapter two focuses on literature review, while chapter three is the research methods and research samples in data gathering. Chapter is a comprehension analysis and data interpretations on the role played by mass media as a medium of crisis resolution in Ijaw and Itsekiri. Chapter five summarises the entire work with some recommendations to it..

CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION

The disagreement between the Ijaw and Itsekiri of Warri metropolis started as far back as July 1997, and lasted through May 29, 1999, and since then has brought about an intercommunal and political tussles. The Ijaws complained that the oil companies operating in the area could not embark on any development programme in that area. Instead the oil companies decided to help the then Oku of Warri, thereby leaving the community in a devastating and helpless state.

These atrocious acts, which began in 1997 and lasted through May 1999 have recently been resumed. To date, over 3,000 people including women and children, have been killed, their bodies desecrated. Additionally, 30 villages and towns have been destroyed and burnt with tens of thousands of Itsekiri rendered homeless. As the case between 1997 and 1999, both the federal government of Nigeria and then Government of Delta State have not acted to restore law and order, allowing the massacre and slaughter to continue unabated.

We have to take a look at some issues that brought about this community feud.

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
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mass communication project topics and materials for final year students

IMPACT OF COLOUR REPRESENTATION IN NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING

IMPACT OF COLOUR REPRESENTATION IN NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING (A CASE STUDY OF VANGUARD ADVERTISEMENT)

 

 

ABSTRACT

IMPACT OF COLOUR REPRESENTATION IN NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING

Colour is the visual impression registered by the rating of the eye when struck by light. There are seven colours in the band, these are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Light is therefore the source of all colours. “when we see a red rose, we see it only because light reflects from it into our eyes, making the rose and its colour discernible colour then, is a property of the light waves reaching our eyes not of the object seen.

There are principally six colours made up of three primary colours blues, red, and yellow and three secondary colours orange, green and violet. This not withstanding, physics however, classify all colours of the light band which includes indigo as primary colours of light.

The secondary colours are so called because they are hybrid of the primary colours for instance orange is obtained by mixing yellow and red, green by mixing yellow and blue and violet (purple by mixing red and blue.

According to McCann Erickson, Inc, the advertising agency that develops coca-cola nationals campaigns said that advertising is “truth well told”. This philosophy is echoed by coke’s management . Today, we all have strong concepts of what adverting is and we also tend to have very strong opinions and prejudices about it. Definitions of advertising are many and varied. It may be defined as “communication process, a marketing process, an economic and social process, a public relations process, or an information and persuasion process” depending on the point of view. Advertising is also the non-personal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature, about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through various media.

There is a trend in advertising these days in which various colours are in now being used in newspaper, magazine and television advertisements. Research has shown that advertisements presenting in colours are attractive and infact whips appatice. To be specific, the vanguard newspaper has been the major promoter of this trend and it is now generally believed by marketers that the impact of colour in advertising has positive effect on the quantum of products presented to the public of colours.

This study is however aimed at establishing if there is such correlation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of study
  • Objectives of study
  • Significant of the study
  • Research question
  • Research hypothesis
  • Conceptual and operational definition
  • Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

  • Review of literature

2.1     Summary of literature review

2.2     Sources of literature

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Methodologies

  •        Research method
  • Research sample
  •        Research design
  • Measuring instrument
  • Pre test
  • Data collection
  • Data analysis
  • Expected results

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

  • Data analysis
  • Results
  • Discussion of findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • Summary
  • Recommendation for further study

References

Bibliography

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

In this scientific era of mass production, mass communication and mass consumption, advertising serve as an important factor between someone who has something to sell and someone who needs something. It is therefore been defined as “the means by which we make known what we have to sell or what we want to buy”.

It has also been defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas goods or services by an identifiable sponsor with predominant use, made of mass communication.

Furthermore, the association of advertising as “any paid form of non-personal communication intended to promote or create awareness for individual products or service by an identifiable sponsor”.

Advertising is often characterized as a means of selling to the masses, this is because “advertisement can change buying habits and it’s entertaining features are always interesting to match.”

But as Daniel S. Warner professor Emeritus, school of communication, university of Washington puts it in his book (1980, 41) “Adverts cannot change buying habit in deplorable situation”. He says that the greatest advert in the whole world cannot soil a product nor convince consumers to buy products which they feel costs too much, poorly package or in some other ways, do not live up to the expectation.

This leads to the popular misconception that advertising is directed at everyone. But obviously, people do not have the same scale of values and are not interested in the same things. Therefore, no product is consumed by any one at the same rate and no advertisement is equally appealing to anyone.

Some products universal appeal more than others and some advertisers have made markets than others, but each advertisement succeeds who can be reached on a common meeting ground. Also, to effectively convey advert sales message to this group, advertisers are free to choose from any of the advertising media-electronic or point to intensifying advert reach.

Traditionally, Nigerian display their goods such as yam tubers in excellent rows allowing sufficient quantity of the soil or mud to beautify that tuber. The mud is excellent potential sales point as it serves to address the tubers source areas in important way of portraying the tests. Adding to that in our local retail outlets, sellers consciously engage in attractive display of products or goods arrangements to serve as attention gather and help establish identity.

Colour has therefore been playing a unique role in advertising. Colour is not only a thing of beauty to individuals, it is naturally striking and compelling to uses generally or individually.

In as much as this topic deals with the impact of colour representation in Newspaper advertising on consumers as it concern the Daily sun newspaper, it cannot be a misnormal to state that advertising is focused in the face of conflicting completion of text. Photograph and interplay reader. There is there no need for colour reprsentation to aid quick recognition and readership which consciously design advert in colour to influence people’s buying behaviour change and that there would be greater impact on the readers.

The purpose of the study is to find out how colour of a product advertised in newspaper can affect our buying decision and habit, quite several studies have tried finding out the influence advertisement have on consumers but not specifically that by newspaper colour.

Why is it that people buy one good and ignore others? Has this any relevance to colour representation? These undoubtedly are going to form the basis for this study.

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
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OR
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mass communication project topics and materials for final year students

A SURVEY OF THE VIEWERSHIP OF TELEVISION PRGRAMMES IN ENUGU STATE

A SURVEY OF THE VIEWERSHIP OF TELEVISION PRGRAMMES IN ENUGU STATE (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU URBAN)

 

ABSTRACT

This research work was carried out in order to find out what the populace of Enugu Urban thinks or feel about television programmes in Enugu state. The research also attempted to look into other people’s work related to the research topic.

In doing this; the work is systematically ranged in fine chapters. Chapter one deals with the introduction, which contains background of the study, problem statement, objective of the study, significance of the study, research question, research hypothesis definition of terms and limitation of study.

Chapter two deals with the literature review. Chapter three deals with the research methodology in which survey method was used.

Chapter four deals with data analysis and results.

Chapter five deals with findings, conclusion and recommendation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Dedication

Preface & Acknowledgement

Abstract

List of tables’

Approval page

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                     

  • Background of the study
  • Statement of problem
  • Objective of the study
  • Significance of study
  • Research Questions
  • Research Hypothesis
  • Limitation of study
  • Definition of terms
  • References

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

  • Literature review

2.2     Summary of literature

2.3     References for literature review

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

  • Research method
  • Research design
  • Research sample
  • Data collection
  • Method for Data analysis
  • Measuring instrument

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

  • Data analysis
  • Results

CHAPTER FIVE: FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Findings
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Television broadcasting was first introduced in 1930s as an “expected occurrence. Since then, television has been growing as a medium of mass communication.

In 1959, Nigeria first television was established at Ibadan on the account of denial of access to Chief Obafemi Awolowo and his party to defend his party from the accusation of the federal government through National Broadcasting Commission NBC).

Television as a medium of mass communication is composed of highly heterogeneous audience / viewers with distinctive features, different socio-economic strata and different interests.

Based on the heterogeneity of audience, it is obvious that preference of medium as well as the content of the mass will differ among members of mass media audience. While some use a particular station or programmed, others depend on the other. Some may want to watch entertainment programmers like News, current Affairs, Commentaries or documentaries depending on their likes.

One of the obvious ways in which an audience is active is through the use of selective exposure. It is the tendency of accepting to expose you to communication that goes with your own value system, attitudes and viewpoints. The concept of self-selective exposure helps the watches, what he listens to and read; selevctive watching, selective attention and selective reading and listening are the functions of selective exposure.

You can buy the newspaper of your choice, you can go to mollies you like, you can choose from many television programmers and radio, and if you find yourself watching something you do not like, you can tune to another channel.

Different views have been presented in an attempt to determine why people watch a programmed. This can be identified with the following, selective exposure which include selective perception, selective retention and selective interpretation and the escapism.

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Host Link Global Services Ltd
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0138924237
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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Economic Project topics and Materials

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETARY POLICY AS A TOOLS FOR CONTROLING INLFATION IN NIGERIA

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 (1980-2004).

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COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Host Link Global Services Ltd
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0138924237
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

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ABSTRACT

This study is designed to empirically analyze the effectiveness of monetary policy as a tool for controlling inflation in Nigeria.

To investigate on this, hypothesis were formulated as follows:

Ho: Monetary policy measures adopted over the years have no significant impact in inflation control in Nigeria.

Hi: monetary policy measures adopted over the years have significant impact on inflation control in Nigeria.

The researcher adopted the method of linear regression, the ordinary least square (OLS) technique in analyzing the secondary data of inflation rate and money supply (1980-2004). The researcher were further subjected to t-ratio and f-tests, the result of which confirmed.

  1. Monetary policy measures adopted by the monetary authorities between 1980 and 2004 were not effective and had no significant impact in controlling inflation.

2. Quick monetary remedies for inflation control do not

exist.

Based on the above findings, the following are the policy recommended:

The elimination of inflation requires the eradication of inflationary expectation.

Government should concentrate more on productive investment, which will reduce inflationary pressure in Nigeria.

The monetary authorities should maintain vigilance in its efforts to keep inflation in check by adhering to effective monetary and fiscal policies.

Government should monitor the implementation of monetary policies to ensure its success.

It is believed that if the monetary authorities  follows the above recommendation, effective will be achieved.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROPLEM

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4   HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

1.5   SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

1.6   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.7   DEFINITION OF TERMS

 

 

        CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   THE MEANING OF MONETARY POLICY

EVOLUTION AND APPLICATION OF MONETARY POLICY

INSTRUMENTS IN NIGERIA

2.2    EMPIRICAL LITERATURE

2.2.1 OBJECTIVE OF MONETARY POLICY IN NIGERIA

2.2.2  RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIA MONETARY

POLICY

2.2.3  PRE-STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMME (SAP)

MONETARY POLICIES IN NIGERIA

2.2.4  POST-SAP MONETARY POLICIES IN NIGERIA

2.2.5 THE IMPACTS OF NIGERIA’S MONETARY POLICIES IN

THE INFLATION CONTROL

2.3    ECONOMIC IMPLICATION / CONSEQUENCES OF

MONETARY POLICY.

 

   CHAPTER THREE

3.0  METHODOLOGY

3.1   THEORITCAL FRAMEWORK

3.2   MODEL SPECIFICATION

3.3      METHOD OF EVALUATION

3.4      DATA REQUIREMENT AND SOUCE

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1   EMPERICAL RESULTS

4.2   STATISTICAL TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE

4.3   EVALUATION OF THE WORKING HYPOTHESIS

4.4   IMPLICATION OF THE RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

5.O  SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMANDATION

5.1   SUMMARY OF FINDING

5.2   CONCLUSION

5.3   RECOMMENDATIONS

 

 


CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0                INTRODUCTION

 

1.1                BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria still presents a clear reflection of the third world economy in which the growing economy has some working machinery, monetary and fiscal policies that aimed towards maintaining a balance in the entire economy so that growth and development, which is the ultimate goal of every economy, is realized.

Generally, monetary policy refers to combination  of measures designed to regulate the values, supply and cost of money in an economy in consonance with the level of economic activity. Monetary policy is a deliberate effort by the monetary  authorities to control its monetary supply and credit conditions for the purpose of achieving certain broad economic goals. The aims of monetary policy are basically to control the inflation, maintain a healthy balance of payment positions for the country in order to safeguard the external value of the national currency and promote an adequate and sustainable level of economic growth and development. The formulation is done by the Federal government, mostly announced during budget speeches while the enforcement of the policy is solely the responsibility of the central bank of Nigeria (CBN)>

Inflation is the greatest challenge faling most developing countries like Nigeria today.

Inflation is defined as a persistent and appreciable increase in the general prices level of goods and services in the economy. Inflation has being the “clas in the wheel” that motivates economy. It has made export products to become expensive in the international market and this impeded the expansion of the export market.

Effective monetary policy produces economic growth and development. For a country such as Nigeria to achieve economic stability, she must place priority on efficient monetary policy. It is pertinent to note that the central bank has not been able to come up with credible monetary policy in the recent times (years) to cure the unemployment, low saving, debt burden, low investment, unfavorable balance of payment, mass poverty treating the nation interest rate and high exchange rate.

It has been observed that the Nigerian economy within the last 25 years has been engulfed in some economic problems. In Nigeria, inflation has been a serious economic problem for many years. Prices of goods and services has been on the increase and this has affected every aspect of the economy. Cost of living has been very high with the consequences of poor living standard and less savings.

With the present economic crisis playing the nation, Nigerians are yawning for credible monetary policy either expansionary or contractionary monetary policy depending on what economic goal the policy maker want to achieve. It becomes necessary for the monetary authorities to use various monetary policy. Instrument available to them. Such instruments are the general credit control and selective credit control instruments. Under the general credit control instruments are the open market operation (OMO), Rediscount rate, Reserve Requirement and Moral suasion, while the stock market margin requirements, control of terms of installment sales, mortgage credit restrictions and special directive belong to the selective credit control instrument.

Given the above policy tools, it is expected that the monetary authorities through its agents, the commercial banks and financial intermediaries e.t.c will be able to make monetary policy reform for the economic well being of the country and thus the monetary policy objective such as inflation control will be attained. The measure of a country’s monetary policy rests on the extent to which it has achieved the aims and objectives of its monetary policy. Hence the focus of this policy is on effectiveness of monetary policy as a tool for controlling inflation in Nigeria. This is to find out whether the monetary measures adopted so far has been able to achieve the desired objectives.

 

1.2        STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

 

        The application of the monetary policy by the monetary authorities using the monetary instruments such as open market operation, Banks reserve e.t.c, in consonance with the prevailing economic situation is aimed at achieving the macro economic goals of the country such as low level of inflation, stable price rate and full employment, etc but in Nigeria, in spite of the numerous monetary policy measures adopted, the economy still suffers the problem of inflationary pressure, poverty, unemployment e.t.c.

The question that follows are: How effective are monetary policies in controlling some of these variables, inflation in particular, in Nigeria and how effective are these instruments employed? Why has inflation persisted in the Nigerian economy in the face of sustained government effort to curb it? Why have monetary policies failed in our country despite that they have worked in other countries? Do their functioning conform with a prior economic expectation? What may be the other reasons militating against the effectiveness of monetary policies?

It is against this that the researcher is undertaken in order to find out the effectiveness of monetary policy in controlling the rate of inflation and money supply in Nigeria.

 

 

1.3      OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 

The objective of the study is to identity some of the highlights of the monetary measures designed and adopted in this country since the establishment of CBN to achieve the desirable economic goal. Despite the adoption of these seemly far- reaching and suitable measures, the achievement of these objectives seems to have eluded as so far.

It was based on this background that this projects sets out:

  1. To find out if monetary policy measures adopted by the monetary authorities have succeeded in controlling inflation in Nigeria.
  2. To examine the relationship between money supply and inflation.
  3. To find out the effectiveness of monetary policy in achieving economic growth during the period under study (1980-2005)