ONLINE CLEARANCE SYSTEM

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Abstract

Online clearance system is a research work that will help build an efficient information management for schools. It is aim at developing a system for making clearance after graduation. This will help build a more reliable and effective means of undertaking student clearance, removing all forms of delay and stress. School management and computer experts have come to appreciate the need for online clearance system for graduating students. It is a project work that helps you to understand what school clearance is all about, the procedures for clearance after graduation, how to do your clearance on the web and a design and implementation of an online clearance system for the University. Moreover, the design and implementation will be carried out using HTML, PHP-MYSQL and Jquery.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of the Study

Clearance is a status granted individuals, typically members of the military, university graduates and employees of governments and their contractors, allowing them access to classified information, i.e. state secrets. The term “clearance ” is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process to vet employees for access to sensitive information. A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access; the organization must determine that the cleared individual has a “need to know” the information. No one is supposed to be granted access to classified information solely because of rank or position, but once a clearance is obtained, access to certain information or gain of freedom will be granted.

As many universities have choosing to pursue the dynamic educational options available online. The advantages of e-learning are many. As people of all ages and backgrounds become increasingly reliant on the internet for information, online learning becomes more convenient and efficient here the need for an online clearance system. The skills needed to access and comprehend information online are becoming commonplace, and the flexibility of wireless computing means that any coffee shop, airport or bedroom can become a classroom. Online courses, registrations, clearance have few, if any scheduling restrictions, well-integrated learning resources and competitive degree options, with an online clearance system.

The changing online college landscape now includes online clearance system, traditional undergraduate and general studies programs. However, career learning is still the most popular online training option.

 

1.2     Statement of The Problem

The processes of clearing students after their graduation requires that the students be cleared in various departments and information units. Among which are:

• Library fines and overdue or lost library materials from the University
  • Departmental Dues
  • Infirmary and bookstore charges
  • Residence hall damage charges
  • Return of athletic equipment
  • Student Union Fee
  • Bursary and all other charges

For a graduating student to carry out his her clearance from all these departments, it normally takes a lot of time and a lot of processes and delayed. Hence it became imperative for an online clearance system to eliminate the shortcomings of the manual system in place.

 

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The objective of this project is to examine how school clearance system can be computerised and accessed online, with the main objective being to develop software that can enable the students to do their clearance online. Thereby removing the huddles that students face after graduation in their attempt to do their clearance from different departments.

 

1.4     Scope of the Study

This research work is limited to clearance system for graduating students from Caritas University. The software developed will be carried out using HTML  and PHP-MYSQL to manage both the database and at the same time make the software online.

 

 

1.5      Limitations

            This project covers all aspect of online clearance system using Caritas University as a case study. Due to time constraint, the web – page developed covers only clearance from various departments by the graduating students.  What ever is left out is as a result of time and finance as it cost a lot to develop a full web – based clearance system.

1.6       Significance Of The Study

The project work will help in a good number of ways to ease the queuing system in the university as the online clearance system will help students to achieve what ever they want to achieve without coming to the various offices for clearance.

Clear advantages of Internet information processing over those of traditional manual system are higher yields. Online clearance system allows the users to check their clearance status as whether they are in any way indebted to the school, fill and submit their clearance form, and obtain their clearance letter. There are many other advantages of online clearance system and some of them are listed below.

o       It saves a lot of time.

o       It is very convenient to use it right from the bedroom, office or anywhere in the World.

o       Information processing are very fast and  delays can be avoided.

o       It is inexpensive to students and school management.

• Help the school in reducing costs such as labour and stationary.

1.7     Definition of Terms

HOSTEL ALLOCATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Abstract

Hostels provide budget oriented, sociable accommodation where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed, in a dormitory and share a bathroom, lounge and sometimes a kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex, although private rooms may also be available. Hostels are generally cheaper for students but most often, hostel management and allocation is a problem to university administration. They often create management loop holes as they are unable to allocate hostel rooms to students on time. Payment for the hostel allocation by students are not properly accounted for. Students are sometimes allocated to the same room with out checking the number limit for that particular room. In this research work “Hostel allocation system”, a system will be design to manage a database for allocating hostel to students. The system designed will keep track of all the available hostel rooms, their occupants and fund generated from hostel fee. The new system will be implemented using Visual basic 6.0 and access database.

Chapter One

Introduction

 

1.1            Background of the Study In 1912, in Altena Castle in Germany, Richard Schirrmann created the first permanent Jugendherberge or “Youth Hostel”. These first Youth Hostels were an exponent of the ideology of the German Youth Movement to let poor city youngsters breathe fresh air outdoors. The youths were supposed to manage the hostel themselves as much as possible, doing chores to keep the costs down and build character as well as being physically active outdoors. Because of this, many Youth Hostels closed during the middle part of the day. Very few hostels still require chores beyond washing up after self-catered meals or have a “lockout”. There are several differences between hostels and hotels, including:

• Hostels tend to be budget-oriented; rates are considerably lower, and many hostels have programs to share books, DVDs and other items.
• For those who prefer an informal environment, hostels do not usually have the same level of formality as hotels.
• For those who prefer to socialize with their fellow guests, hostels usually have more common areas and opportunities to socialize. The dormitory aspect of hostels also increases the social factor

Hostels are generally self-catering. There is less privacy in a hostel than in a hotel. Sharing sleeping accommodation in a dormitory is very different from staying in a private room in a hotel or bed and breakfast, and might not be comfortable for those requiring more privacy. The lessened privacy is also an advantage in some ways, because it encourages more social interaction between guests. Theft can be a problem, since guests may share a common living space, but this can be avoided by securing guests’ belongings. Most hostels offer some sort of system for safely storing valuables, and an increasing number of hostels offer private lockers. Noise can make sleeping difficult on occasions, whether from snoring, sexual activity, someone either returning late or leaving early or the proximity of so many people. This can be mitigated by carrying earplugs.     1.2     Statement of the Problem The growing number of students in higher institutions all over the world has posed a lot of accommodation problem on the part of students and school management. Students at the beginning of each session waste half of the semester looking for accommodation. The few hostels that exist in the universities are not properly managed. Infrastructural decay, dirty environment and lack of basic amenities are some of the numerous problems encountered almost in every hostel at the university. Statistics of the number of rooms required to match the growing number of students are far fetched. Most often, students pay for hostel fee and end up not getting one due to lack of bed space. Hostel administrators can not give accurate information of the occupancy of a particular room. This and many more forms the statement of the problem that necessitated for this research work.           1.3     Objectives of the Study The project is designed to help in the management of hostel allocation in the university. The main objective of the new system includes: 1)                Design and develop a central database system that would serve as hostel database, which will contain information on all the available rooms in the hostels. 2)                Design a computer – driven hostel allocation system for allocating hostel rooms to students. 3)                To generate reports on hostel occupancy and financial reports.   1.4     Scope of the Study The research work is will cover among other things:

1. Hostel allocation
2. Hostel fee payment
3. Hostel rooms registration
4. Financial reports.

The research will be carried out using Federal University of Technology Owerri.     1.5      Limitations Some of the constraints encountered during this project design include the following:

• Financial Constraints: The design was achieved but not without some financial involvements. One had to pay for the computer time. Also the typing and planning of the work has its own financial involvements.
• High programming Technique: The programming aspect of this project posed a lot of problematic bugs that took me some days to solve. Problems such database connections using visual basic and access database posed a lot of challenges.
• Few Literature Sources: The topic though seems to be a common term; it is not a popular topic to surf from the Internet. It had fewer literature sources.

1.6     Significance of the Study   The new system designed for computer driven student’s hostel allocation will among other things:

1. Facilitate timely allocation of hostel rooms to students
2. Check the hostel occupancy at any time for information management
3. Sum up the total amount realized from hostel fee each session
4. Enable management to plan on improving hostel living condition.
5. have first hand information on the statistics of students in the hostel

 

1.7     Definition of Terms

Hostel: A hostel or youth hostel is essentially a form of accommodation that offers reasonably priced, shared accommodation to travellers in either private or dormitory rooms.   A management information system (MIS): is a system that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively.   Independent hostels: are not necessarily affiliated with one of the national bodies of Hostelling International, Youth Hostel Association or any other licensing body.   Databases:  A systematically arranged collection of computer data, structured so that it can be automatically retrieved or manipulated. It is also called databank.   Computer Program: This is a set of instruction that guides the computer on the action to perform.   Flowchart:  This is graphical representation of step by step by which computer can follow to execute a task.

E-Commerce and Internet Banking System

Abstract

The adoption of Electronic Banking by commercial enterprise has been in existence since the mid 90s, much greater in number due to lower operating costs associated with it. Electronic banking has been in the form of automatic teller machines and telephone transactions. More recently, it has been transformed by the Internet, a new delivery channel for banking services that benefits both customers and banks. Access is fast, convenient, and available around the clock. Furthermore, customer’s application for electronic banking facilities is expanding as the cost savings on transactions over the internet are significant. The chances and threats that the internet symbolizes is no longer news to the present day banking sector. No traditional bank would dare face investment analysts without an Internet strategy. Moreover, business success is not guaranteed by a detailed and thoughtful approach to the internet. The main intention behind the commencement of electronic banking services is to provide the customers with an alternative that is more responsive and with less expensive options. With options just a click away, customers have more control than ever. Their expectations are usability and real-time answers. They also want personal attention and highly customized products and services. This research intends to see how e-commerce and internet banking has improved the efficiency and effectiveness in the bank, take a look at the security measures on ground and also proffer a solution that can eradicate fraud in internet banking.

 

 

Table of Contents

Page

Title Page

Approval Page

Certification Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of contents

Chapter One

1.0            Introduction

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Statement of the problem

1.3     Purpose of the study

1.4     Objective of the study

1.5     Justification of the project

1.6     Scope of the project

1.7     Limitations

1.8     Definition of Terms

 

 

Chapter Two

2.0     Literature Review

 

Chapter Three

3.0     Description and Analysis of the existing system

3.1     General Description of the existing system

3.2     Fact finding method

3.3     Objective of the existing system

3.4     Organization Structure

3.5     Input and Output Analysis

3.6     Information flow diagram

3.7     Problem of the current system

3.8     Justification for the new system

Chapter Four

4.0     Design of the new system

4.1     Design Standard

4.2     Output specification and design

4.3     Input specification and design

4.4     File Design

4.5     Procedure Chart

4.6     System Flowchart

4.7     System Requirement

4.8     Program Flowchart

Chapter Five

5.0     Summary, Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1     Summary

5.2     Recommendations

5.3     Conclusions

References

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of the Study

Banks have traditionally been in the forefront of harnessing technology to improve their products and services. They have over the time been using electronic and telecommunication networks for delivering a wide range of value added products and services. The range of services and products offered by different banks vary widely both in their contents and sophistication. E-banking provides enormous benefits to consumers in terms of the ease and cost of transactions. However, it can be thought of as a service that allows customers to use some forms of computer to access account-specific information and possibly conduct transactions from a remote location – such as at home or at the workplace. The most efficient system architecture and advanced technologies are being used for E-banking results for the provision of internet banking services for the financial sector which enables the banks to carry out the their services like web banking to their customers. While over the years developed countries like Sweden have not tapped into the freedom to conduct routine banking transactions from the comfort and security of customer.

Electronic banking has been around for some time in the form of automatic teller machine and telephone transactions. “More recently, it has been transformed by the Internet, a new delivery channel for banking services that benefits both customer and bank. Access is fast, convenient, and available round the clock, whatever the customer’s location. Plus, banks can provide services more efficiently and at substantially lower costs”. E-banking also makes it easier for customer to banks’ services and products, can increase completion among banks, and allows banks to penetrate new markets and thus expand their geographical reach. Some even see electronic banking as an opportunity for countries with underdeveloped financial systems to leapfrog developmental stages. Customer in such countries can access services more easily from banks outside his/her own country through wireless communication systems, which are developing more rapidly than traditional “wired” communication networks. Probably, the major phenomenon of the twenty first century has been electronic communication and information technology. The technological progress is now sufficiently well advanced for it to enable commercial transaction and non commercial activities which is facilitated through the use of information technology and network technology such as the internet, intranet and extranet. Electronic Banking has emerged as a significant and rapidly growing component of the world economic exchange. Through Electronic Banking the world economic exchange has been reduced to a tiny global village in terms of its information capacity and the resources it holds which can be accessed by anybody from anywhere in the globe through the use of medium of E-commerce namely the internet and some other electronic devices.

Electronic Banking does not only encompass the way you shop over the Internet, but also the ways you carry out banking transactions. A few years ago, banks started to offer their service on the Internet, in addition to the traditional services in the branch. This allowed customers, more independence in the choice where and when to bank, as they were not bound to opening hours. Electronic Banking has revolutionized the way business is transacted by globalizing the business enterprise. Multinationals, small and medium scale industries no matter their geographical locations are all beneficiaries of electronic banking. It encompasses all kind of commercial transaction that is conducted on an electronic medium, mostly through the Internet.

E-banking links business to customers no matter their geographical location. It allows companies to make new business contacts from different global business alliance, test near products and services, and make market research and other enquiries all at a minimal cost both financial and otherwise.

1.2            Statement of the Problem

In banking industries today, queuing has become the order of the day, customer’s line up for hours waiting to withdraw or deposit money.  This creates a lot of problem to both customers as they waste their useful time in the banking hall, and also management of the bank as the run around to find solution to their problems.

Also it is observed that customers cannot withdraw money any time they want as banks has their working hours. This is a big problem as needs can arise at any time and human beings will always like to have those needs solved. Also money deposited into accounts at times takes some hours to reflect in the persons account balance hence making banking operations slow and unhealthy for business environment.

1.3       Purpose of the Project

The purpose of this project work is to study and find out how best computer can be used in banking industry to facilitate online banking through the use of internet. Hence, software will be developed to facilitate online banking system.

1.4     Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this project are as follows:

(i)          The project work will reveal the true meaning of internet banking information system and how to achieve it.

(ii)       This project will reveal the advantages of the Internet to the user.

(iii)     It will also reveal to the user the applications of the Internet.

(iv)     The project will educate the user on banking system, their operations and services.

(v)        The user will understand some security threats and their controls on the Internet.

(vi)     This project will also include the design and implementation of an internet banking information system.

(vii)  This project will also enable us understand some technologies that enable the Internet work the way it is working.

1.5     Justification of the Project

The project work will help in a good number of ways to ease the queuing system in the banks as the online banking system will help customers to achieve what ever they want to achieve without coming to the bank.

Clear advantages of Internet checking accounts over those of traditional brick-and-mortar banks are higher yields, a higher proportion of free accounts and much lower balance requirements. Online banking information system allows the users to check their account information, statements and pay the bills instantly. Customer has to login into his account using the username and password, check the statement and fill the amount and authorize the payment and it will be posted instantly or in a couple of days. Options are provided to authorize payments on regular intervals (on the same date every month) to the same vendor or different vendors. There are many other advantages of online banking system and some of them are listed below.

o       It saves a lot of time.

o       It is very convenient to use it right from the bedroom, office or anywhere in the World.

o       Transactions are very fast and postal delays can be avoided.

o       It is inexpensive to customer.

o       Bills can be paid in a very convenient fashion round the clock.

o       It allows making transactions on weekends and holidays too.

o       Transactions are secured.

o       Help the bank in reducing the costs such as labour, inventory and stationary.

1.6     Scope of the Study

This research work will concentrate on designing online account opening, withdrawals, statement of accounts, account balance checking and banking information for Banks.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB BASED VOTING REGISTRATION SYSTEM. (A CASE STUDY OF INEC )

without software.

                                  ABSTRACT

Voting is a very important process in the Nigerian political system. It is one of the means and the most effective method of ensuring a legitimate government through popular participation. To enthrone sound democracy and stability in the political system of Enugu state, a system of refigure voting has to be put in place. The system would among other functions discourage double voting, forging or hoarding of electoral papers, massive transfer of ballot papers destruction of ballot boxes, inflation of election figures and unnecessary  delay in pronouncement of election results. This could be achieved by computerized voting process to remove the difficult administrative tasks of the conduct of election in Enugu state. It  is the basic forms we set to achieve in this study.
Therefore this project aims at alleviating the incidence of rigging and introduction of an organized procedure of voting which is the bane of socio-economic and political progress in Enugu state.

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1. 1. INTRODUCTION

Voting is a means of selecting or choosing leaders. It does not apply only to local governments, states and federal government of Nigeria but also in different institutions and social organizations. Therefore, the conduct of elections in a democratic society is very important not only because through it a change of government is effected but also because voting is the main form of political participation for most people for democracy to be sound and smooth, it should be enhanced on election free from fraud.
Many centuries ago, most societies were societies were primitive and had not evolved a system of voting  to elect the leaders that will govern then and promote societal harmony and peace. This means that people have to devise a system whereby a leader or a set of leaders have elected from the ranks of the people. At that point the idea of voting and being voted for became important and necessary. But before an individual can cast his or her vote, there are certain conditions to be met, one of which is to be registered as a voter.
Since independence in 1960, the Nigeria political scene has witnessed incessant upheavals, wide scale dishonesty and societal bitterness, which in most instances, degenerated into lawlessness and destruction of lives and property. Theses unfortunate situations paved the way for and served as spring boards for the emergence and growth  of unskilled democrats and military leaders in the governance of the nation. Many Nigeria’s are disappointed that a post independent 46years-old Nigeria is still operating constitution which does not enjoy an overwhelming national acceptance, as evident in the persistent calls for the convocation of a sovereigns national conference on the one hand, and the growing demand for ethnic nationalities on the other.
For about four and half decades since independence, the nation had shifted position between parliamentary and presidential system of government, with several military in cursions into polities over the years. Even the present presidential democratic dispensation is still undergoing experimentation with varying degrees of trial and error approach. It is in the light of the foregoing, that this project on voter registration, is written to serve as a useful tool of enlightenment in the hands of voters, the electorate and the general public.
However, voter registration is a critical aspect of the electoral process. A credible voters register is a prelude to free and fair elections. It is also important for people to know is qualified to vote, where, when and how to vote. Also, a full knowledge of the registration procedure will encourage eligible voters to participate in the electoral process.

1. 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The inefficiency of voting process in Enugu has resulted in a lot of problems. These  problems have continued to obstruct the peace of democracy in Enugu because the choice of a capable candidate is not encourage by the current system. The problems could be emendated as follows.
– The high incidence of multiple voting massive transferred of ballot papers and forging of electoral papers using fictitious names. Indiscrete manipulation and inflation of election figures by electoral commission officers to suit the interest of their favoured candidates.
– Thuggery operation, fear of intimidation and victimization and smuggling of ballot papers into the ballot boxes.
– The fragile nature of some ballot boxes make them vulnerable to destruction
– Lost of votes due to either wrong voting or the case of any of accident occurring during transporting of the statement of result forms and other electoral materials to the collation centers.
– The delay in the generation and announcement of the results which  gives room for other manipulations.
Therefore, there should be change for data handling.

Abstract

In the Nigeria, the driving licence is the official document which authorises its holder to operate various types of motor vehicle on highways and some other roads to which the public have access. In Nigeria, they are administered by the Road Safty. A driving licence is required in Nigeria by any person driving a vehicle on any highway or other road defined in s.192 Road Traffic Act 1988 irrespective of ownership of the land over which the road passes thus including many which allow the public to pass over private land. National driver’s license registration and management system is a research work aimed at studying the registration system in Nigeria, identifying the setbacks, and developing a system that will make use of computerization to enhance driver’s license registration and authentication.
This will in many ways facilitate proper documentation of driver’s license registration and licensing in Nigeria. It will also help Road safety commission track people who are not suppose to drive vehicles due to non issuance of driver’s license.  Hence the implementation will help to generate revenue to government and facilitate timely licensing of driver’s license. The methodology adopted will involve the use of computer for the data capture and the program will be implemented using php-myql,html,jquery.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study
In Bretain, the minimum driving age for a car or van is 17 while a moped or restricted-power motorcycle can be ridden at 16. Anyone receiving Disability Living Allowance at the higher rate (mobility component) may drive a car or van from the age of 16. Until a United Kingdom driving test (which consists of three sections: theory and a hazard perception test followed by a supervised driving examination) has been passed a driver may hold only a provisional licenceand be subject to certain conditions.
The conditions attached to provisional licences of a particular category of vehicle are:

• L-plates or (in Wales only) D plates (Welsh: Dysgwr) must be conspicuously displayed on the front and rear of the vehicle.
• Learner drivers of a particular category and transmission type of vehicle must be accompanied by somebody aged at least 21 who has held a full driving licence for that category and transmission type for at least three years, except in the case of solo motorcycles and vehicles of certain categories designed solely for one person.
• No trailer may be towed, except when driving a tractor or where a full licence gives provisional entitlement to drive a car with trailer, large goods vehicle with trailer or bus with trailer.
• Motorcycle riders must not carry any pillion passenger.
• Bus drivers must not carry any passenger except a person giving or receiving instruction.
• Motorways must not be used by holders of car and motorcycle provisional licences, excluding B+E learner drivers.

In Northern Ireland, learner drivers are limited to a speed of 45 mph (72 km/h), and drivers who have passed their test within the previous year must display “R” plates (restricted) and are also limited to a speed of 45 mph (72 km/h) until the expiry of the restricted period. “R” plates are similar in style to “L” plates, with a thick-set dark orange R displayed on a white background.
After passing a driving test, the provisional licence may be surrendered within two years in exchange for a full UK licence for the relevant kind of vehicle. Full car licences allow use of mopeds and motorcycles provided a CBT (Compulsory Basic Training) course is completed (the requirement to have a CBT in Northern Ireland was introduced on 21 Feb 2011). There are no restrictions on newly passed drivers in England, Wales or Scotland (unlike Northern Ireland), but if a newly qualified driver is given six penalty points within two years of passing, the licence is automatically cancelled and the driver must pass the full test again. The six points remains on the new licence until their designated expiry time. It is optional to display newly passed green on white ‘P’ (for Probationer) plates on the vehicle of newly passed drivers.
Motor car licences issued in the United Kingdom distinguish between automatic and manual transmission vehicles dependent upon whether or not a driving test was passed in a vehicle with manual transmission (unless a vehicle test was taken in the UK before such discrimination was made). Whilst a manual transmission vehicle licence permits the holder to drive a vehicle of either kind, an automatic transmission vehicle licence is solely for vehicles with automatic transmission. The licence also shows if a driver requires glasses or contact lenses to meet the legal driving requirements, if known.
Forklift trucks require a separate licence, issued by third-party training companies rather than the DVLA/DSA, which regulate all other vehicles.
Whilst the DVLA has included Welsh on driver licences issued in Wales for many years, requests for Scots Gaelic – also an official language in the UK – to be included on licences issued to drivers resident in Scotland have so far been rejected.

1.2     Statement of the Problem
Driver’s licensing is a job that requires accuracy of data and this exercise is required for every new registration. So a lot of people bring their vehicle to licensing office for registration and driver’s licensing, hence, resulting to the large crowd that is always witnessed in licensing office. This was when the manual system was still in use. Therefore, going by this method of issuing license to drivers, licensing officers encounter a lot of problems which includes:
1.       Multiple registration
2.       Delay in issuing driving license to vehicle owners.
4.       Irregular renewal of driver’s license
5.       Lost of revenue by government due to fake registration papers .