ABSTRACT
In hospitals, test analysis is conducted to find out the disease that is affecting the patients. For sickle cell disease, it is a genetic disease and needs a methodological test analysis.
This study is carried out to design and implement a computerized system for the methodological test analysis as a tool to revolutionize medical profession.  It was principally a case study of sickle cell disease. This will help to reduce the problems inherent in our hospitals today with regard to conducting medical test and obtaining accurate test result.
The programming language employed in the implementation of this research work is visual Basic 6.0.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study
This collection of clinical findings was unknown until the explanation of the sickle cells in 1910 by the Chicago cardiologist and professor of medicine James B. Herrick (1861–1954), whose intern Ernest Edward Irons (1877–1959) found “peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped” cells in the blood of Walter Clement Noel, a 20-year-old first-year dental student from Grenada, after Noel was admitted to the Chicago Presbyterian Hospital in December 1904 suffering from anaemia.
Noel was readmitted several times over the next three years for “muscular rheumatism” and “bilious attacks”. Noel completed his studies and returned to the capital of Grenada (St. George’s) to practice dentistry. He died of pneumonia in 1916 and is buried in the Catholic cemetery at Sauteurs in the north of Grenada. Herrick’s published account included illustrations, but the earliest available slide showing sickle cells is that of a 1918 autopsy from a soldier with sickle trait, initially reviewed only 92 years later.
The disease was named “sickle-cell anemia” by Verne Mason in 1922, then a medical resident at Johns Hopkins Hospital. However, some elements of the disease had been recognized earlier: A paper in the Southern Journal of Medical Pharmacology in 1846 described the absence of a spleen in the autopsy of a runaway slave. The African medical literature reported this condition in the 1870s, when it was known locally as ogbanjes (“children who come and go”) because of the very high infant mortality rate caused by this condition. A history of the condition tracked reports back to 1670 in one Ghanaian family. Also, the practice of using tar soap to cover blemishes caused by sickle-cell sores was prevalent in the black community.
Linus Pauling and colleagues were the first, in 1949, to demonstrate that sickle-cell disease occurs as a result of an abnormality in the haemoglobin molecule. This was the first time a genetic disease was linked to a mutation of a specific protein, a milestone in the history of molecular biology, and it was published in their paper “Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease”.

1.2     Statement of the Problem
Sickle-cell conditions are inherited from parents in much the same way as blood type, hair color and texture, eye colour, and other physical traits. The types of haemoglobin a person makes in the red blood cells depend on what haemoglobin genes are inherited from his parents. If one parent has sickle-cell anaemia (SS) and the other has sickle-cell trait then there is a 50% chance of a child’s having sickle-cell disease and a 50% chance of a child’s having sickle-cell trait. When both parents have sickle-cell trait a child has a 25% chance of sickle-cell disease. So, there is need to prevent both partners having sickel cell from getting married as this will result in bearing children with sickle cell trait. Therefore, there is need to develop a methodological test analysis to determine the posiblity of parents having children with sickle cell trait.

Design and implementation of a computerized  based Bill of materials processing system

Abstract

Material procurement is the acquisition of goods and/or services at the best possible total cost of ownership, in the right quality and quantity, at the right time, in the right place and from the right source for the direct benefit or use of corporations, individuals, or even governments, generally via a contract, or it can be the same way selection for human resource. Simple procurement may involve nothing more than repeat purchasing. Complex procurement could involve finding long term partners – or even ‘co-destiny’ suppliers that might fundamentally commit one organization to another.
In this project work, we are going to look at the computerization of bill of material processing system using PHP, Java script as our platform for software development.

CHAPTER ONE
1.0       INTRODUCTION
Material Procurement  can be defined as the purchase of goods or services at a total cost of the optimum possible in the correct amount and quality of procurement. These goods and services are also purchased at the right time and location to express profit or the use of Government, business, business, or individuals by signing a contract.
The process of acquisition of goods or services that are required as a raw material (direct recruitment) or for operating purposes (indirect procurement) a company or a person might call acquisition. The procurement process involves not only the purchase of commodities, but also the quality and quantity of controls. Typically, providers are listed and pre-determined by the contracting company. This makes the smoother process, the promotion of a good relationship between the buyer and the supplier.
The synonyms for recruitment, which are the gain, purchase, purchase and acquire, can shed light on the meaning of recruitment. The recruitment process may vary from company to company, and a Government entity can have a slightly different recruitment process compared to a private company.

Acquisitions can also be defined simply as the procedure in which the goods or raw materials are purchased when prices are low. Procurement is advantageous if the goods are purchased in large quantities. E-procurement is another method of electronic media is used for the acquisition or purchase of goods. Everything is processed electronically, the search for the right bidder delivery and payment.
The recruitment procedure may vary depending on the product and the uses of the product. Health team must be efficient and reliable, and the recruitment process is carried out carefully in order prevent the defective equipment purchase. Another important factor that usually includes definitions of the recruitment is the amount purchased the product. This is important because the quantity of purchased goods is inversely proportional to their cost.
Thus, recruitment is a process that is carried out by the company almost every individual and for their own personal benefit or benefits, involving the purchase of commodities by choosing the appropriate provider.

1.1       Statement of the Problem
Most company’s are suffering some set backs due to their procurement system. Most often low quality goods are purchased and they end up loosing money. Also at times, they lack a steady supply, resulting to lack of materials for production, hence the need for computerization of bill of material processing system.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB BASED NITEL TELEPHONE BILING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
This application of computer in various fields has eased a lot of problems encountered in the use of manual system in the various disciplines of like.  It is as measure towards addressing this issue that this project has primarily billing system that could get rid of all the shortfall.  In this project the researcher have analyzed the manual system and also identified some of the problems and limitation which scene to hinder the realization of the goals of the existing system.
With regard to this the author has designed a kieb based telephone billing system to help minimize some of the problem inherent in the manual system. To bring the subject matter to pictorial form the user to appreciate more flow diagrams to be seen in subsequent chapters, more so this write up is mainly to introduce the reader to what main from can do especially in telephone billing system using Nitel Nigeria Plc Benin city as a case study.
CHPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION

Computer has proved its uniqueness in different works of life. It provides and in different ways reduces complexity and generate.   Maximum output.   This made possible through the unique features of computer system in the areas of speed, information storage and retrieval automatic is the important faced of economy in the society. If provides adequate communication causes great place havoc in the society.   The nature of communication determines the mode of transmission.
Communication through the telephone system is one of the fastest and most reliable modes of message transmission.   Through the telephone system, information can be cone eyed quickly and adequately.   Information gets to the destination immediately and the sender receives feedback at the same time.   Information storage and retrieval is also achieved through the telephone system.   Information can be stored in the absence of the receiver.   The receiver can also retrieve this information at any time.   Acquiring the phone for use is by subscription. Individual or groups that wish to acquire phone always subscribe through the organization in charge.   Information about every subscriber is taken and stored for reference purpose.   Phone subscriber pay bills according to the calls made.
The outmost speed at which the universe is being turned into a global world is attributed to the sophistication in the telecommunication industry.  These radical changes have been made possible by the intention of digital technology in electronics and telecommunication analogue.   This means that the signals being handled, processed or transmitted are presented by voltage whose amplitude quinsy vary continuously with time.
Consequently, in the telephone system the transmitted signals an direct representation of the speech waveforms.   This did not provide the easy and continuous flow of soured wave in the system.   This project is aimed at developing a system that will help in the billing section of NITEL (Nigeria Telecommunication Benin) to enable serve it customers effectively. Bill them accurately and also give customers details of how they are being billed.

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The quest for more sophisticates and affective system that can handle the telephone bills of the customers in telecommunication companies has led the researcher to the designing and development of software to handle the telephone, subscribers do complain of excessive billing and this has often been traced to the carelessness or otherwise on the part of the staff that prepare the bills.  The carelessness of staff that results in the delay and stoppage of updating the customer’s bill account is another factor.  Also, lack of working materials e.g. carbon sheets, stationeries and also laziness in the repairs of faulty machines is often complained about.

1. 1. PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose to which this research work is being carried out is to identify the problems that are encountered in the manual telephones system and to design and implement a cub based telephone billing system for effectiveness and to ease the problems facing the manual system.  Another purpose of this project work is to ensure accuracy in the daily operations or activities.  Again, files and other documents are protected from unauthorized users and environmental hazards.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ENABLING VIRTUAL CLASSROOM AND TEXT-BASED E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR NIGERIAN POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT
The research project reported in this thesis has shown that there is need for an enabling virtual classroom and text-based E-learning environment in Nigerian Polytechnic Education System. Having identified the problems inherent in Nigerian Polytechnic Education System, A virtual classroom was designed that accommodated a blend of synchronous and Asynchronous methods of learning. Web accessibility initiative was incorporated in the design to take care of learners with some sort of disabilities. Also included, was a virtual library facility for referencing.
The designed virtual classroom was used in practice to assist learners in undertaking courses in Computer Science, Banking and Finance, Business Administration and Management, Electrical/Electronics Engineering, Secretarial Studies and Mass Communication at National Diploma or Higher National Diploma levels using NBTE (National Board for Technical Education) minimum guide curriculum. HTML, DHTML, XML and Visual Basic (VB) authoring languages were used to produce the course wares. The authoring system was developed in a way that will enable lecturers who are not computer professionals to produce course wares without any serious computer programming skill. Visual Basic Programming Language was used to create the database used in this work.
The text-based facility was used to establish communication between the lecturer and the students and among themselves and even with authorities of the school.
Collaborative and didactic learning were supported by the newly designed system.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE

1. 1. INTRODUCTION

The use of computer in Education was nursed when the first business computer was completed in 1951. Educationalists dreamt of connecting College classrooms to computers which would serve as patient tutors, scrupulous examiners and tireless schedulers of instructions. Further, it was expected that the benefits to students would include the freedom to follow their own paths of learning, at their own pace at a time convenient to them, with richer materials to work with and automatic measurement of their progress.
The dream was actualized with the introduction of E-learning and its attendant virtual reality.
E-learning can be accomplished through any of the following:- web-based learning, virtual classroom, Distance learning etc.
E-learning involves the use of virtual reality in establishing a virtual classroom, virtual library and E-learning ware (or kernel or courseware) for actualizing collaborative and didactic learning.
The virtual classroom and text-based E-learning environment is internet-based. Its components include content delivery in multiple formats, management of the learning experience, and a networked community of learners, content developers and experts.
The design of a virtual classroom and text-based environment aims at providing flexible learning and develop appropriate framework for sharing good learning materials among polytechnics, self-learners and interested companies in different parts of the world.
It supports individualized higher education for young learners and supports life long learning for adults.
The actualization of an enabling E-learning environment involves the development of web-site through which access can be made to virtual library and courseware facilities and information about prospective E-learners.
The E-learning environment is text-based because E-mail facility is used to establish communication between the instructor and the E-learners. Other text based features like Addressing, Ellipses and signs were incorporated.
The design of E-learning environment accommodates a mix of synchronous and asynchronous methods of learning considering the fact that Nigeria has not fully embraced the digital revolution and also the poor funding nature of our polytechnic education system.
The designed system is user-friendly, interactive and has a feedback mechanism to ensure control and quality learning.

1. 1. BACKGROUND HISTORY OF IMT

Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) is one of the polytechnics in Nigeria and situated in Enugu State.
It is under the supervision and accreditation of National Board for Technical Education (NBTE).
NBTE is a supervisory and accrediting body for all polytechnics, monotechnics and Technical Colleges in Nigeria. It is charged among other things with the following responsibilities;

1. Approved programmes for polytechnics, monotechnics and Technical Colleges that meet the standard stipulated in the national policy on education.
2. It provides curriculum and course specifications for the various programmes.
3. Ensure quality education and adherence to laid down policies and curriculum through periodic accreditation visitations.
4. Ensure proper funding of polytechnics, monotechnics and College of Technologies especially those owned and sponsored by the Federal government.
5. Ensure the use of qualified academic staff.
6. Ensure constant improvement in academic staff skills through staff development schemes, workshops and seminars.

Institute of management and Technology (IMT) Enugu came into existence in 1973 as a result of the merger of Institute of Management and college of Technology, all situated at in Enugu the capital of the then Eastern region. It has 29 departments and runs program in engineering, science and technology, Education, communication Art, financial studies and business studies.
It awards National Diploma (ND), Higher National Diploma (HND) and Nigeria Certificate in Education.
It runs full time and part time programmes. Full time program starts at 8 am and stops by 4 pm Monday to Friday while part time starts by 4 pm and stops by 8 pm Monday to Friday and 8 am to 4 pm on Saturday.
The duration of full time programme is 5 year including one year industrial training while the part time has duration of six years including one year of industrial training. Both part time and full time programmes are run in semesters.
Examination is centrally conducted on the various courses at the end of each semester.
Information Access:

1. Internal memorandum – It is used as a means of communication within the school. Then channel of communication is prime importance.
2. Students’ information Book – It contains information on admission requirements, registration requirement and processes, school rules and regulations, grading format, departments and courses offered.

Method of learning
Face – to – face approach is adopted as method of spreading and acquiring knowledge except for the school of distance learning which uses a mix of face-to-face and radio broadcast methods.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED PERSONNEL DATABASE FOR A TERTIARY INSTITUTION
 (A CASE STUDY OF IMT).

This study was carried at to verify all the manual processes involved in personnel database management for a tertiary institution and to seek for away of automating the system for effective operations.
Since there is continuous advancement, high productivity of labour and operations is best using machines in this revolution. An indispensable tools; computer and its application; resolving the area where the attraction is needed.
In this project, the software engineering principles were applied in the analysis, design, coding, and testing of the software.
In the development of the software, visual basic programming language was used due to it’s enhanced graphic features and a manual is also provided. At the and what was tended to resolve was achieved and at the same time it is user friend (i.e. object oriented)
CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Database is a standard term covering computer based services, which provide information in response in specific requests from users. The data may stored in documents, microforms or computer code text and graphics (user interface) for references.
Database management as regards to personnel information system evaluate the process of managing and monitoring employee or members of an organization as a means of gaining maximum efficiency. As the organization benefit or offer to the public on subscription basis; the output services is either a physical document or computer data presented, say on a video display unit.
Further more, the information is data/stored to a disk; perhaps is when the user supplies then is to locate a copy of the document and deliver it to the user. More after than not, however information need are expressed or outputted in terms of request for data, such as how many employee are being eroded in the organization? Or what is the salary level of an employee? – To answer such question reference must be made to records such questions, reference must be made to records stored as the computer coded data. This involve searching and retrieval of records stored on disk.
SHORT HISTROY
The institute of management and technology has her inception on October 1971 and later after promulgated on July 1, 1973; nevertheless, the institute had being in existence as a two separate collages that is the collage of technology and institute of administration but joined together are now the institute of management and technology; also their separate two workers are joined together and managed in consonance with their assets.

1. 1. OBJECTIVES / AIMS OF STUDY

Due to the inefficiency surrounding the manual database management in the personnel department, it was felt that a study of this nature will clarify the causes of the problems being faced by the concerned departments and to map out the necessary solutions/or measures and techniques to the problem.
As to regarding this solution, the manual processing of personnel information was found to be cumbersome, tedious and ineffective which lead to inaccurate  and unreliable results. It is the ail of this work therefore, to remedy this ugly situation by making the task involved to be easy and effective thereby making provision for accuracy and reliability of this result.
More also, this work has the objective of correcting all the mistakes being while operating a manual made; that storage and retrieval encounter delay of storing and retrieving information to work with.
Lastly, loss of file are encounter and this work is has the objective of retrieving or stopping invasion by intruders to the database system.

1. 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There has been this problem of too much work for the personnel officers in the institute. Owing to the growing population of staff in the institution, the personnel department is faced with hips of file. At times, sorting out a particular staff file takes almost a month.
Also there has been cases of missing files due to lack of security in the office and the poor filling system in use, the personnel files at times get lost and it then becomes difficult to access the concerned staff information.
More also, the two much files could tend to unreliable results as to sorting a particular level of record as to its range or conforming to a particular request of arrangement.