ABSTRACT,

Car fault detection is a complicated process and requires high level of expertise. Any attempt of developing an expert system dealing with car fault detection has to overcome various difficulties. This project describes a proposed knowledge-based system for car fault detection. The project explains the need for an expert system and the some issues on developing knowledge-based systems, the car fault detection process and the difficulties involved in developing the system. The system structure and its components and their functions are described. The system has some rules for different types of faults and causes. It can detect many types of faults. The system has been tested and gave promising results. The programming language employed in this work was visual Basic 6.0.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of the Study

Expert systems (ES) are a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), and were developed by the AI community in the mid-1960s. An expert system can be defined as “an intelligent computer program that uses knowledge and inference procedures to solve problems that are difficult enough to require significant human expertise for their solutions”. We can infer from this definition that expertise can be transferred from a human to a computer and then stored in the computer in a suitable form that users can call upon the computer for specific advice as needed. Then the system can make inferences and arrive at a specific conclusion to give advices and explains, if necessary, the logic behind the advice. ES provide powerful and flexible means for obtaining solutions to a variety of problems that often cannot be dealt with by other, more traditional and orthodox methods. The terms expert system and knowledge-based system (KBS) are often used synonymously.

The four main components of KBS are: a knowledge base, an inference engine, a knowledge engineering tool, and a specific user interface. Some of KBS important applications include the following: medical treatment, engineering failure analysis, decision support, knowledge representation, climate forecasting, decision making and learning, and chemical process controlling. Previous work has shown that systems concerned with car fault detection were very limited. Jeff Pepper (1990) has described a proposed expert system for car fault diagnosis called SBDS, the Service Bay Diagnostic System. SBDS is being developed by a joint project team at Ford Motor Company, the Carnegie Group, and Hewlett Packard. SBDS’s knowledge base will contain the expertise of Ford’s top diagnosticians, and it will make their diagnostic skills available to mechanics in every Ford dealership in North America.

This system will guide a human technician through the entire service process, from the initial customer interview at the service desk to the diagnosis and repair of the car in the garage.

There are a lot of related expert systems in the literature concerned with diagnostic problems. Daoliang et al. presents a web-based expert system for fish disease diagnosis. The system is now is use by fish farmers in the North China region. Yu Qian et al. proposed an expert system for real-time failure diagnosis of complex chemical processes.

latest project materials and topics

1.2    Statement of the Problem

The proposed system divides car failures into three major types:

1. Start-up state, problems that may occur when a person try to start up the car, for example; engine does not work, some sounds noticed, engine works ones and stops. These problems could be due to one or more failures; will happen, the battery needs to be recharged, the dynamo is dead, or the battery is dead.
2. Run-stable state, problems that may occur after starting the car, for example; unburned fuel, cycle on-off, blue gas emitted.
3. Movement-state, problems that may occur while the car is moving; this state also includes problems related to the brake system. Most of movement problems that might occur appears on the car’s tableau the proposed system takes advantage of these facilities and use them to diagnose the problem and to gives advice of the solution to the driver. Some of these problems are: oil pressure, water temperature, voltage, and fuel pointer.

1.3       Objectives of the Project

The main objective of the research is to develop Car Failure and Malfunction Diagnosis Assistance System. The aim of the proposed system is to provide quick and precise expert guidance to car fault diagnosis. Additionally, for training purposes, it helps in reducing the knowledge gap between different individuals in car fault diagnosis. The specific objectives of the research are as follows:

• To investigate the related works on car fault and malfunction diagnosis and Expert System (ES) domains.
• To design appropriate representation architecture to the proposed Car Failure and Malfunction Diagnosis Assistance System.
• To develop an ES that supports the implementation of the proposed system’s functionality.
• To test and validate the system’s performance.

1.4       Scope of the Project

The scope of the project covers the following:

• Repairs of  Minor Faults in cars
• Detecting the Cause of the problem
• Suggest how to repair the car

1.5    Justification of the Project

Expert system is extensive computer programs capable of simulating the decisive activity of the experts in solving very complicated task which are rather strictly problem oriented.

Generally, the proposed system can help inexperienced mechanic or driver in diagnosing the fault of the car. In addition, the system has the following benefit:

1.       Prevent the loss of customer and income. If mechanic’s repair shop                   makes a wrong diagnosis, the customer will be reluctant to come        back to the repair shop. With this system, the situation can be avoided.

2.       As a tool for training inexperienced mechanic.

3.       Improve productivity. Having this system may allow mechanic to do       more work in less time.

4.       Help improving knowledge driver in diagnosing the fault of car.

5.       Reduce the need for skilled mechanic. The repair of car requires a   high level of expertise. With this system, inexperienced mechanic can        be guided to find the fault.

6.       Be able to work without stopping. As a human, expert mechanic will       be tired if he works continuously.

1.6      Limitations

This project covers all aspect of expert system on car fault detection and correction. Due to time and financial constraint, the software developed was tested using few types of car fault.

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Abstract

Clearance is required of a student who is either graduating or dropping from the course anytime during the school year or the semester or transferring to another school.  Students should be cleared from all financial obligations and administrative accountabilities from the different units of the university before documents such as diploma, transcript of records, certification, transfer credential and other similar record is issued. Online clearance system is a research work that will help build an efficient information management for schools. It is aim at developing a system for making clearance after graduation. This will help build a more reliable and effective means of undertaking student clearance, removing all forms of delay and stress. School management and computer experts have come to appreciate the need for online clearance system for graduating students. It is a project work that helps you to understand what school clearance is all about, the procedures for clearance after graduation, how to do your clearance on the web and a design and implementation of an online clearance system for the University. Moreover, the design and implementation will be carried out using HTML and Visual Basic 6.0.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the Study

Clearance is a status granted individuals, typically members of the military, university graduates and employees of governments and their contractors, allowing them access to classified information, i.e. state secrets. The term “clearance ” is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process to vet employees for access to sensitive information. A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access; the organization must determine that the cleared individual has a “need to know” the information. No one is supposed to be granted access to classified information solely because of rank or position, but once a clearance is obtained, access to certain information or gain of freedom will be granted.
As many universities have choosing to pursue the dynamic educational options available online. The advantages of e-learning are many. As people of all ages and backgrounds become increasingly reliant on the internet for information, online learning becomes more convenient and efficient here the need for an online clearance system. The skills needed to access and comprehend information online are becoming commonplace, and the flexibility of wireless computing means that any coffee shop, airport or bedroom can become a classroom. Online courses, registrations, clearance have few, if any scheduling restrictions, well-integrated learning resources and competitive degree options, with an online clearance system.
The changing online college landscape now includes online clearance system, traditional undergraduate and general studies programs. However, career learning is still the most popular online training option.

1.2     Statement of the Problem
The processes of clearing students after their graduation requires that the students be cleared in various departments and information units. Among which are:

1. 1. Library fines and overdue or lost library materials from the University
   2. Departmental Dues
   3. Infirmary and bookstore charges
   4. Residence hall damage charges
   5. Return of athletic equipment
   6. Student Union Fee
   7. Bursary and all other charges

For a graduating student to carry out his her clearance from all these departments, it normally takes a lot of time and a lot of processes and delayed. Hence it became imperative for an online clearance system to eliminate the shortcomings of the manual system in place.

Design and Implementation of Computerized Cargo Information System (Case study of DHL Enugu)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the Study

A courier service is an organization which offers special deliveries of packages, money, documents or information. Courier services usually boast faster delivery times than any alternative method of transporting documents, and many services in the modern world rely on them. The idea of couriers and a courier service has been around almost as long as civilization, with rulers in antiquity using couriers as a means to make new laws and edicts known throughout their lands. In the modern age of international business, the courier service has become a keystone of enterprise, even as emerging technologies such as the fax machine and Internet have rendered them less useful in some areas. The largest courier service in the world is the United Parcel Service (UPS), which delivers more than 12 million packages globally each day. UPS has its roots as a courier service in the beginning of the 20th century, when it was known as the American Messenger Company. UPS survived the depression and the World Wars, and went on to thrive in the global age. Throughout the years it acquired other courier services, including the Motorcycle Messengers and a number of smaller European companies. Federal Express (FedEx) and DHL are other well-known global examples of the courier service, both with their roots in the early 1970s. Though not nearly as large as UPS, each company controls sizable portions of the market. FedEx is particularly well-respected for its overnight courier service, the first of its kind. DHL originally focused exclusively on the route between Honolulu and San Francisco in the United States, but grew to encompass the Pacific Rim and spread to Europe and the Middle East. Smaller courier services abound, particularly in cities. This type of courier service finds its niche in smaller packages and documents which need to be transported from one location in a city to another as quickly as possible. Couriers in these companies often ride bicycles or motorcycles in order to achieve the shortest turnaround times from pickup to delivery. Indeed, the bicycle messenger, whizzing through crowded traffic at unbelievable speeds with a satchel over one shoulder, has become a symbol of the youthful daredevilry of city life. In recent years, with the emergence of more sophisticated communications technologies and harsh price competitiveness, the number of bicycle couriers in most cities has decreased significantly, but the market remains strong for those who continue to work.

There is also a type of courier service which utilizes the extra baggage allotment of airline passengers to transport documents quickly and easily, with less hassle, through the Customs office of a country. These courier services offer greatly discounted fares on commercial tickets to foreign locations in exchange for the use of the passenger’s baggage space. The passenger is then given all the requisite paperwork, which they simply deliver to the Customs agent at the receiving end.

Though technology has replaced many traditional uses of the courier service, there still exists a constant need to transport physical goods and documents over both short and long distances as quickly as possible. Barring the development of some sort of far-fetched teleportation technology, it seems certain that the demand for a courier
1.2     Statement of the Problem
Keeping record of parcels in a courier service company and their delivery information is carried out manually. A lot of files are opened for daily record of parcel received or delivered. This litters the office with much paper documents. Most often records are misplaced and when a client comes to collect his parcel, heshe spend some hours waiting for confirmation of the parcel. Hence delay is bound to occur while delivering parcel to customers.

COMPUTERIZED CAREER GUIDANCE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

The presence of counsellors in school is not just for the sake of it, they are there to direct student on area they psychologically find them fit. The job of counselling towards a future career is not an easy one, the student has to be followed regularly within attitude and academic performance so that he/she will be directed towards his/her gift career. This project   work researched into  the procedure involved  in  guiding and counselling student in the secondary school with a view to come up with the modernized system that would help in carrying out the activities effectively The problem  associated  with the  existing system were detected and  possible solutions to the problem were provided  in the new system . The new system is a computerized one, which works automatically; it is very easy to use, it is also interactive, cost affective .The new system is comprehensive enough, timely and accurate in report generation.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK
This work will provide the detailed overview of the project in chapter one, after which the several review of related technology incorporated in the design of the project, are explained in chapter two. Chapter three will be focused on the analysis of the system and the approaches employed to achieve the project are detailed. In chapter four, the system design will be explained in details with testing and implementation of the system. In chapter five, the project was summarized, concluded and possible recommendation made.

CHAPER ONE
1.0     INTRODUCTION
Man in search of comfort ability struggle to meet up with good career and for this to be achieved, it has to be started as early as possible. Form time man is born, he is been studied to know what likely he will be able to do as he grows up. This has to do with his natural behavior and mental exercise display. This continues in family parents and other relaxation acting as counselling unit until the child goes in to school. In school the teacher takes over the counselling, it is   a continuous exercise until one finds his feet, then he can continues from there and equally be in a position to guide and counsel others.
The stages where much work is carried out on counselling is in secondary schools .This is a stage when a child is grown to be able to understand maturely and when the child’s attitude is fully studied in line with academic performance . In all secondary school across  the country , there exist a guidance and counsellor office where people knowledgeable in  the area of psychology are employed in order  to help advise the younger ones  in  school which  way forward to their future career . There people through class visitation, Observing students during recreation and calling on them at intervals for questioning, came to know the students betters and be  able to guide and counsel them in their future career probably in university or in any  other area of endeavor.
The job of counselling in secondary school is not an easy job to be taking into consideration the number students involved with respect to the number of staff involved. It is always very difficult to handle all the students and to remember everything about the students.  This Counseling exercise needs a sophisticated   system for the operation of counselling alliterates some of the problem associated with exercise.

Personal behaviour and area of interest, they keep very close marks with the students to make sure that no stone is left unturned. This aspect of ones life is taken very seriously in schools because that is mainly the reason people go to school for the academics tests and examination only. The battle of career choice is handed over to individual when he/she attain a stage of being able to duct for himself what he/she really wants and how best possible to get such height. The person can steer the wheels directly to his destination or deviate in the other way due to carelessness or youthful exuberance; but the end justifies the means. Also, sometime due to laxity and incapability on the side of the career guidance and counsellor in schools, most of the students are led astray. This is mainly due to human approach towards the implementation the exercise which can be based at anytime. In his own recommendation, Hook advised the computerization of the career guidance department for effectives and reliable react on the department activities
Holyfield (1997) argues that a good career in life, makes a lot of meaningful process in life. He made this assertion that what without comfort and where is comfort without a good career; In his own views, it takes a long and rough way to arrive and clinch a good career but when  one  finally gets to it, life comes to be what nature  made  it be, life  remains unstable like a wondering man in the career is achieved through carefulness and hard work, desire of sentiments and other side effects which can thwart the smooth direction of ones futures. Holly field (1997)   made it clear and that life is associated with a good career  and  that  such a career is  what can give full meaning of life a priceless gift of nature.
Statistics shows that people who find good career are enjoying high standard of living and while the people who find good career are enjoying, the unlucky ones cry  of frustration and negatives social factors that limits life.

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The number of students   involved in schools counselling are   very enormous and few staff in counselling can not handle the job effectively.
It is always very easy to forget information about students and to reach all the students, contributes and problems.
Another major problem of the counselling is information storage. The made of storage of information observed from the students in different forms is not reliable and this makes the counselling to apply guess work in trying to direct students in their future career work.
This is a very big delay in taking decision on students concerning their future career. This is also because referencing to students information for decision making take s a very long time.

1.2     AIM S /OBJECTIVES
The primary aim of this projects work is to provide lasting solution to the problem affecting counselling exercise in secondary schools.
The following objectives below are the study
-To make the criteria and process involved in the exercise of counselling very easy and flexible
–  To carefully take care of the burden, the staff faces in trying to do the work of counselling manually.
-To provide adequate enabling environment for counselling on student to give them better career perspective
-To maintain adequate observed information on students for future reference and quick decision taking.

CASH RECEIPT GENERATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

The aim of this project is to design a cash receipt generation system for a supermarket taking into consideration their stock, sales and purchases in view of achieving the an automated receipt printing thereby dropping the manual receipt issued by shop owners during transactions.
This will go a long way in eliminating mismanagement and maintaining a higher degree of accuracy and more reliability in the business transactions.  The software developed was implemented using Visual Basic 6.0.

                        CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study
When the amount of data grows in a company, there is a need for a database system to store the data regularly. The need for an art gallery database includes storing data information, sales information for monthly reports.
This project presents the development of data management systems for holding cash information like the products sold, monthly flow of cash, and balance sheet information for the month. All this will be explained in detail in the following chapters. The objective is to design a data management system that can store information like art work, and sales information.
In developing the database system, there will be a need to decide what the best tools are for this. The client selected Microsoft Access and Visual Basic, since they were familiar tools she works with. In order to achieve these goals, important questions that are asked include what is the information that will be stored in the database, how many tables will be needed and how will these tables relate to each other. These are some good points to note when designing a cash register.
The Microsoft Access is where the work begins, it includes creating the models for each table in the database, analysing the content of the tables, designing the User Interface that the client will use to input data information into the database. The Visual Basic  will be used for creating dynamic interaction in the database, like generating the receipt reference number for each customer that buys goods, and wants make the payment online.

1.2     Statement of the Problem
The problem and inadequacies inherent in the manual receipt issued by shop keepers,  and sales control system in business transactions, where many items are involved, the manual cash receipt system becomes tedious and big to handle.  Error inherent in manual calculation and balancing of sales leads to excessive cost operation and hence may lead to wrong decision taken by the managers of a business firm.

1.3     Purpose of the Study
This purpose of this study is to design an online cash receipt generation system for supermarkets.