DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SOFTWARE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF STUDENTS CGPA
(A CASE STUDY OF COMPUTER STUDY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT IMT ENUGU)

ABSTRACT
This project is solely based on the critical appraisal of the use of computer in result processing. The work has done with the aim of studying all the processes involved in manual processing of students result with a view of developing software that can aid in doing the job whenever the new system is introduced to the relevant department (Computer Science Department). In the course of achieving these objective relevant literatures were reviewed on the subject matter.
Based on the review, various staff under Computer Science Department of Institute of Management and Technology Enugu were marked and used for the purpose of collecting the needed data for the research work.
The methods used during the finding were oral, interviews, observation, document review. It was also done randomly. Based on the data collected the researcher find out that there was much problem encountered using manual result processing, which has been taken care of by the developed software.
CHAPTER ONE
1. Introduction
One of the largest investments in many organizations is the creation, maintenance, and retrieval of information. It has been estimated that in an organization such as a tertiary educational community, information is highly essential for correct students’ record and examination data. Student information, if not properly created and stored, will cause many errors in usage Okonigene, et al (2008). Nearly every section of the educational system requires information processing. With the use of computers for information processing, the following are possible: instant access to
students’ personal and course information, instant student information updating, automatic computation of the Grade Point Average (GPA), generation of the graduating students list, monitoring of failed courses, keeping an up-to-date
record of the entire student body in the institution, storing course information such as course code, course description, course unit, and scores for the purpose of GPA computation, and producing user-friendly data entry screens for ease of use. It is unfortunate that all educational institutions in the developing world, such as the
Universities, Colleges of Education and polytechnics in Nigeria, still operate under the manual method of record keeping and computation of GPA. The manual system employed is not very efficient, in that a lot of paper work has to be done which takes a reasonable length of time to prepare. Due to the increasing number of students in computer science department (IMT) Enugu, that has written the examination in the school, results computation of the student’s CGPA has been a very difficult task.
Therefore, because of this problems and errors arising from such a system, a software-computerized result processing system becomes inevitable; the benefits accruable from the computer-based system cannot be over emphasized.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Historically, result computation and students data record management in computer science department in the Institute of management and technology Enugu has been affected by several factors based on the current manual processing method used such as:
– Loss of vital information relating to student result/ records
– The time and labour involved in the student result computation of CGPA
– Files and records not properly kept.
– Miscalculation of students CGPA after graduation.
– Difficulties involved in searching for a specified record
– Wrong transcription and mutilations by accident or on purpose
– Information is very insure and can be accessed by the wrong persons.
– Insecurity of the result, which can be modified by unauthorized person/or access.
– Use of filing cabinets makes

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DATABASE SYSTEM FOR PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(A CASE STUDY OF DELTA HOSPITAL ONITSHA).

ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to verify all the manual processes involved in patient management system and to seek for a way of automating the system for effective operations.
Since, there is continuous moves towards technological advances that enhanced productivity of labour and free human beings of task done more economically by machines. Computer n ts applications have become indispensable vital tools in economic, industrial and social development of the advanced countries of the world. Nigeria as a developing country cannot afford to lay too far behind in this kind of revolution. Therefore there is every need to know in energy discipline the areas which attracts computerization and why they need it.
In this project, the software engineering principles were applied in the analysis, design, coding testing of software serious attention was also give to the design of the user interface.
In the development of the software, visual basic programming language was used due to its support for all the features desired. A brief user’s guide is also provided. The end result is a software that is very effective and efficient in meeting its objectives and at the same time user friendly.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Theoretical background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the study 5
1.4 Aims and objectives of the study 5
1.5 Significance of the study 6
1.6 Limitations 6
1.7 Definitions of terms 7
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 8
2.1 General review of database storage and retrieval system 8
2.2 File organization 12
2.3 Storage media 15
2.4 Database retrieval techniques 17
CHAPTER THREE
Analysis of the existing system 20
3.1 Fact finding method 21
3.2 Objectives of the existing system 22
3.3 Input, process and output analysis 22
3.4 Problems of the exiting system 24
3.5 Database flow diagram 25
3.6 Justification for New system 26
CHAPTER FOUR
Design of a New System 27
4.1 Input specification and design 27
4.2 Output specification 28
4.3 File design 29
4.4 Procedure chart 30
4.5 System flowchart 31
4.6 System requirement 32
CHAPTER FIVE
Implementation 33
5.1 Program design 33
5.2 Program flowchart 34
5.3 Pseudo code 37
CHAPTER SIX
Documentation 39
CHAPTER SEVEN
Recommendation 41
Conclusion 42
References 43
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Database is a collection of logically related files, organized in a manner to satisfy the needs of an organization. A database is a store of data structured so that access and update can be made by different people in different ways without needs to change its design or content for this to happen, it is essential that all data items are logically related.
Database is always necessary to store date items once, because of it, input cost are lower. Duplicate letters are largely dominated thereby saving space and ensuring data consistency. Data is defined as an unprocessed facts. They are raw fact that are unprocessed. Data does not have meaning. Information are processed data through the computer, which process different type of information. Information in the computer is stored in codes. File is the collection of related filed, field is the collection of data items.
Database management system are important, because important information requirement and non-specialist need easy ways of accessing this information. Large amount of data with many types of records occurring many times in database management system. Also in database management system, complex data structures including many relationships between data items. Many organization will have many use requirement in data base management system. Organizations will also have many frequent demand for changes to be made which only unflexible database management system can cope with.
Data is viewed as a source to be shared by as many process as possible. As a result, data must be organized in a way that is flexible and adaptable to un anticipation requirements. The data which they stored in anticipation of requests, and the requests themselves. Data may be stored as references to documents, microforms or computer coded text, graphics etc. the service may be offered on a local basis or through a telecommunication network. Database system may be operated by organizations for their own benefit or offered to the public on a subscription basic. The output from database services is either a document or computer data presented, say, on a video display unit or a voice output.
The main purpose of database is to satisfy the user information needs. The way in which these needs are expressed largely determined the principles of operation of a particular database system.
Rerhaps the most straight forward request for database is when the user supplies a complete reference for a document. The job of the service then is to locate a copy of the document and deliver it to the user. This is usually referred to as document retrieved service. It may be aided by computers in compelling the index to the documents in store, and in physically locating a required document as in a computerized warehouse.
More after then not, however, database need are expressed in terms of a request for data such as, how many patient are being admitted monthly in a hospital? Or what kind of sickness of a patient? To answer such questions reference must be made to records stored either in printed form or as computer coded data. The first of there is often refered to as information retrieval, the later as database search, when the index to the printed record is computerized.
The database distribution system, with the added facility of storage at computer coded text, offer one approach to reducing, the physical size of records, and to mechanizing their search and retrieval the records unfortunately, first have to be converted into computer compatible form, and can be consulted only after reconversion via some printing or display device.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There has been this problem of too much work for the nurses in the hospital. Owing to the growing population of patient in the hospital, the nurses is faced with hips of file. At times, sorting out a particular patient file takes most a month.
Also there has been cases of missing files. Due to lack of security in the office and the poor filling system in use, the patient files at times get lost and it then becomes difficult to access the concerned patient information.
This bitter complaints and the delay in the receiving of information for the management had been the major concern and therefore has intensified the need to design a software which will go a long way in tackling these problems and at the same time helps to quicken database processing.

THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN

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ABSTRACT
Human being in his socialization history and educational period, always have tried to establish a good contacts for to share or change their knowledge, an experiences with whom anyone established easily communicate. This is a kind of feeding way of his life. It is an obsolete necessity for mentally, physically and emotionally development of human beings. As long as people have been able to write or even draw pictures-they have tried to use those skills to send messages to other people. The invention of printing and, in 20th Century, broadcasting, has enabled human being to develop new methods of communicating with people who are not face-to-face with each, in our contemporary world this necessity is already heavily eliminated by developing mass media technology: On those days all people are in contact one or two of mass media in their all day which they are very close to his way of life or his looking angle to the world or life. It is no doubt that mass media is very close and important thing in our daily life, for example, think the television or broadcasting via satellite, as if, they are one of the our family member. These developed techniques have also made it possible to communicate with very large numbers of people through a single act of writing or broadcasting very many more people than a teacher, or lecturer, could teach in a lesson or a lecture.
Communication technologies have a manipulative power and effect on the field of education in general. These technologies have been increasingly use in education and training for many years to meet different needs. This situation, increasingly use of technologies in education and training, have brought up some new disciplines, or study fields, into education filed and E-learning. Distance education is one of the newest forms of education which basically depends on these communication and information technology. As a new and modem approach to deliver instruction, distance education has been increasingly used by many corporations and organizations for both formal and non-formal education settings in Nigeria and all around the world.

ORGANISATION OF WORK
The organization of this project work three dimension which include
(i) The preliminary aspect
(ii) The Body
(iii) The bibliography index, appendix
The preliminary section, which comprises of the title page, certification, dedication, acknowledgement, abstract, table of content, and organization of the work done.
Meanwhile the body of this project comprises of:
– Chapter one, that went as far as disusing the history of the Noun; introduction of E-learning and discourse education, aims and objective of Noun scope of the study, limitation and expected outlines while chapter two; emphasis on literature review, feature of distance learning and model for Noun. Not with standing chapter three describes the organization and management, organization structure operation activities and networking and linkage mean which chapter four, to based on the design of T-learning environment for Noun; input specification and design, output specification and design procedure chart for Noun. System flow chart and system requirement. But chapter five talked about the implementation of the project, programs design, program flowchart, source code, academic program and test run of the program of project. thou chapter six lay emphasis on how at should be documented delivery format and mechanism, study centres while chapter seven describe the remediation conclusion and reference print.
– The hard section of the organization of the work is the section that describe the bibliography the appendix and the index.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one
History
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aims and objective
1.3 Scope of the study
1.4 Limitation
1.5 Expected outcome

Chapter two
Literature review
2.1 Features of distance learning
2.2 Model for noun

Chapter three
Organization of management
3.1 Organization structure
3.2 Operational activities
3.3 Networking and linkages

Chapter four
Design of e-learning environment for noun
4.1 Input specification & design
4.2 Output specification and design
4.3 Procedure chart for noun
4.4 System flow chart
4.5 System requirement

Chapter five
Implementation
5.1 Program design
5.2 Program flowchart
5.3 Source code
5.4 Academic program
5.5 Test run

Chapter six
Documentation
6.1 Delivery format and mechanism
6.2 Study centers

Chapter seven
7.1 Recommendation
7.2 Conclusion
7.3 References.

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND HISTORY OF NOUN
Since the Carly 1960’s there has been arising commitment to strengthen the delivery of education in Nigeria, this interest was born out of the desire to remedy perceived deficiencies in the colonial education strategy, which targeted only a few privileged people in selected regions of the country and was ill-tailored to the need of a newly independent Nigerian.
The cardinal goal of this commitment was to catalyses socio-economic development using education as a tool. By 1976, the quest for massification of quality education had translated.
A national policies on open and distance education has been enacted and included I as a part of the policy framework for the operation of the open and distance education delivery system in Nigeria.
By 1999 the programme evolved into more raburt scheme the program set within the global agenda of education for all EFA. Nigeria signified her commitment to the right of every citizen to unfettered access to education by being a signatory to the goals set by the world conference on education for all, (Jomlicn, march 1990), the education for all summit of the nine-high-population countries (new Delhi, December, 1993), the world education forum (Dakar, April 2000), and the F-9 Education ministerial Review meeting (Beijing, August 201), all of which assessed and emphasized the need for education for all by the year 2015.
After two decade of neglect, major institutional structures for the delivery of education have not been equipped to offer Nigerians the right of education type of education both in content and relevant for the provision of goods and services that are demand in a rapidly Globalizing economy.
The idea of an open University system for Nigeria, as a separate and distinct institution to be organized nation –wide was appropriately reflected in 1977 national policy of education, which stated emphatically and unambiguously that “maximum efforts will be made to enable those who can benefit from higher education to be given access to it. Such access may be through universities or correspondence courses or open universities, or part-time and work study programme.

INTRODUCTION
As we close the door on the 20th country and uncork the millennium we have entered the c-dccadc. The worldwide Web has given us e-commerce; a new way to sell services, products – anything. The web and the net have also increased opportunities to communicate with a large number of people, quickly and cheaply. There are plenty of e-opportunities all using new technology to grab a larger market share. May be even to produce and distribute goods and services more effectively and efficiently. We can hope!
e-commerce, e-business, e-solutions and now e-learning. What’s it all about? Are these just trendy works or do they point to new life styles and a new economy? Is e-learning just another new training technology that will be replaced by something “better’? Another favor of the month approach to training and education?
In the first few months of the new millennium, e-learning looms large. E-leaning pops up in advertisements for training and education services, conference presentations, and it seems to be quite popular marketers of technology-assisted learning products. Is e-learning just a marketing device? Or is this a new word to describe a new reality? What does it mean to add an ‘e’ to the word learning? As a result of being new and intrinsically vague, e-learning has generated different definitions. Elliott Masic, one of the leaders in the e-learning field, tells us that the ‘e’ stands for experience. The resources section on the Smart Force Web site explains that e-learning is dynamic, happens in real time, collaborative, individual, comprehensive, and it enables the enterprise. Cisco tells is that e-learning is internet enabled learning. Click2learn.com takes a wide view suggesting that e-learning refers to the creation, delivery, and management of training.
I view the moniker e-learning broadly. It represents convergent convergence in the education, training and information fields. As I sec it, the term c-learning groups together education, training and structured information delivered by computers, through the internet, or the web, or from the hard drive of the computer- or an organization’s network. This definition of e-learning includes CBT, WBT electronic performance support systems, web casts, lists serves and other discussions on the internet, threaded and unthreaded. Education, training and structured information overlap. The boundaries are not clear as the same materials are used for education, training and information dissemination. Convergence in the learning world

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
FOR A HOTEL INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY OF MODOTEL HOTEL, OKPARA AVENUE, ENUGU)

ABSTRACT
The importance of financial accounting is gradually being recognized as germane to prudent management of any business firm. This has necessitated the need for the computerization of structured operations of the financial managers structured operations are known with certainly for instance, the computation and decisions based on financial ratios.
This project, therefore is a case study of Modotel Hotel. It describes the computerization of the financial accounting of the hotel as packaged for its clients. Thus this study gives a detailed methods for the development of an optimal financial database for hotel industry as well as the software required for the computation and tabulation of different financial ratios.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK
This work is sub-divided into seven chapters, starting with chapter one, chapter one shows the problem and its setting. Purpose of study, aims and objectives, scope and limitation assumptions and definition of terms.
The second chapter deals with literature review. Third chapter was concerned with description and analysis of existing system.
Chapter four was concerned with the design of the new system, system specification and information requirement of new system.
Chapter five deals with implementation of the system, sixth chapter deals with documentation, which is more or less, like a manual for the program.
Finally, the seventh chapter dealt summary, conclusion and recommendations.
The project work also have references for further study.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1.3 DELIMITATION OF SCOPE
1.4 LIMITATION
1.5 ASSUMPTION
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
3.1 FACT FINDING METHODS
3.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
3.4 INPUT, PROCESS AND OUTPUT ANALYSIS
3.5 INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM
3.6 PROBLEM OF THE EXISING SYSTEM
3.7 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE NEW SYSTEM

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM
4.1 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN
4.2 INPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN
4.3 FILE DESING
4.4 SYSTEM FLOWCHART
4.5 PROCEDURE CHART
4.6 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 PROGRAM DESIGN
5.2 PROGRAM FLOW CHART
5.3 PSEUDO CODES
5.4 SOURCE PROGRAM
5.5 TEST RUN

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 DOCUMENTATION

CHAPTER SEVEN
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Finance is the life wire of any business organization. It is required for the execution of production, sales and administration of a business operation. As a discipline, finance is concerned with the acquisition and administration of the use of the firms funds as well as profit planning and control financial analysis is inevitable for the effective planning and control of any firm.
To effectively plan for the future, the financial manager should be able to asses the financial position of the firm and relates this to its confronting investment opportunities. Since funds are scarce, financial analysis helps the financial manager to assess the returns on investment accruing from ploughing the firms assets and thereby efficiently allocate resources.
However, financial accounting is the employment of the firms balance sheet and income statement to establish some relationship between one figute and another in order to highlight the strengths and weakness of the concerned business. The balance sheet of a firm is also called the financial position because it shows the position of the business in monetary term at a given point in time while the income statement show how the position depicted by the balance sheet has been attained. The results of financial analysis are normally expressed as financial ratios which could be broadly classified as liquidity, leverage, activity and profit ratio. The suppliers of the firm’s funds and the investing public are usually interested in these ratios. But the nature of interest expressed on the firm determines the ratios to be emphasized by each concerned parts. This implies that different people emphasize on different ratios and as a result financial analysis means different thing to different people.
For instance, creditors are interested on those ratios which measure the ability of the form to service their debts and pay the principal as and when due while the equity owners are interested on the profitability ratios. The financial manager occupies a unique position in the firm as he should be able to computer interpret and explain these ratios to various interest groups in the firm when the firm requires funds from outside sources, the financial manager should be able to use the relevant ratio to convince investors to supply their funds. Also the financial manager should be able to justify the reasonableness of some investment or project being under taken by management before the shareholders.
However, the cost involved in the employment of a financial manager makes it mandatory for small-scale companies to engage the services of a financial consultants. The increased use of high-speed computers in various facets of business should popularize the use of financial ratios in business decision. This is because computer would provide the necessary equipment to handle problems associated with voluminous maze of financial data due to lack of time or more.
This study therefore, aims at the development of a data base for financial statements and a set of programs to computer, store and retrieve various financial ratios for some companies.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The Nigeria companies act of 1968 stipulate that all registered companies in Nigeria should file their audited annual balance sheet this will guide the investors in the development of the funds and to provide basis for company taxation. But there are some problems facing the financial accounting of any hotel. These problems includes:-
1. Illegal use of money cards – some managers has taken the privilege of using both credit and debit cards to steal companies money and some do not know how to use this cards thereby causing problems to the hotels.
2. One of the major loopholes of an un-computerized financial accounting system is its ability to fraud a company. This poses a problem to the management of a hotel.
3. Some companies employ inexperienced managers who are not professionals in the field of computing and this will restrict the objectives of the

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A ON LINE BIRTH RATE MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM
A CASE STUDY OF UNITED NATION CHILDREN FUND (UNICEF) ENUGU

ABSTRACT

This project is specially put together with the aim of monitoring infant and matality rate through the use of information system, it is believed that at the end of this work, its users would be able to know the importance involved in monitoring birth rate on every born child that is being born in the country, so as to enable the federal ministry of health through the United Nation Children Fund (UNICEF) to actually use effective major in its monitoring process.
In view of this, a careful study and understanding of this research will assist user to know actually that it is through this practice (birth rate monitoring information system ) that it generate quantitative data on the economic activities of children, so that the Nation’s economy is evenly spread and effectively utilized for planning on essential amenities distributed to every individual’s satisfactory.
The research will go further to explain the sources through which data are collected for the act; and also how the exercise enhance in knowing the birthrate of citizen existing in the country, with the work vested solely on the United Nation Children Enugu (UNICEF) and National Population Commission.
Recommendation on how best to organize and bring better birthrate monitored facilities in information system through online system to give more sophisticated approach at the end.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Background of Study
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Purpose of Study
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Scope of the Problem
1.6 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Overview of the Existing System
3.1 Description and Analysis of the Existing System
3.2 Method of Data Collection
3.2.1 Interview Method
3.2.2 Reference to Written text
3.3 Input Analysis
3.4 Process Analysis
3.5 Output Analysis
3.6 Problem of Existing Problem
3.7 Justification of the New System

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design of the New System
4.1 Output Specification and Design
4.2 Input specification and Design
4.3 File Design
4.4 Procedure Chart
4.5 System Flowchart
4.6 System Requirements

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Implementation
5.1 Program Design
5.2 Program Flowchart
5.3 Psuedocode
5.4 Source Listing
5.5 Text Run

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Documentation

CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 Recommendation and Conclusion
REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
In Enugu United Nations children fund (UNICEF) started in 1983 and “A” field office covers 10 states, The “A” field office is one of the four field offices of UNICEF in Nigeria, it was established in 1969 as a way of taking UNICEF and its programs closer to the people.
Some international organizations that worked with developing actions in operating and expanding early childhood service had gone along way I education and care of world’s children and parent these has gone a long way in monitoring the birthrate of children.
On the other hand, from about the three middle 1970’s there have been several types of evidence indicating growing awareness of Childs birth as a problem, this has gone a long way in monitoring birthrate in hospitals and health centres reduction in attitudes favourable to it in the global Network and the formulation of policies and law designed to curb it.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
the increasing attention to research on early brain development and on short-and long-term effects of children’s participation in quality early childhood program along with the growing government commitment of lifelong learning in the Education for all conferences (1990,2000) has led to growing interest in early childhood programs and services in counties around the world.
It important in collecting accurate and useful information in about childhood service in persecutor country or region. The guidelines presented forces on two areas of particular concern for policy-makers data collection and system monitoring. To accommodate the needs of boths developing and developed Nations we offer a number of different approaches to data collection and monitoring. Provide practical example of data collection methods that can be used t examine courage and quality two areas that are especially important for policy-making decisions. Finally the unique demands of collecting data to be used in cross- national research.
The major type of early childhood services in both developed and developing countries the general information about early childhood policies, indicators, and methods of data collection. The two specific example of early childhood policies, with suggest indicators for these policies and recommended methods of data collection. The next program discusses the special requirements of National data collection if the findings are to be reported cross-nationally.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
the factors that influences the course of development with organization and its accomplishment is good to be embraced so as to ensure that adequate majors are taken to monitor birth rate the united Nation children fund (UNICEE) Enugu, till now can not keep track of its registegistered new born babies accurately but gets its data nod information through National.
Population commission due to the fact that they don’t take birth rate monitoring as a particular sector to monitor, but also emphasis on other aspect concerning children such as their right Education. Lack of sophisticated machine for the purpose rather it uses the old system to monitor work, the negligence has