AN ASSESSMENT OF RISK MANAGEMENT AND CREDIT ADMINISTRATION IN UNION BANK NIGERIA PLC, KADUNA

COMPLETE MATERIAL IS N5,000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Risk Management is the identification assessment and prioritization of risks. It is the effect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative followed by coordinated and economic of application of resources to monitor and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities (Okeh, 2006).

The survival of every commercial bank depends on its ability to manage its risks and loans or advance portfolio effectively. However in the recent past, commercial banks in Nigeria witnessed rising non-performing credit portfolios and these significantly contributed to the financial distress in the banking sector.

Financial organization need to manage the credit risk inherent in the entire portfolio as well as the risk in individual credit or transaction. This is so because the survival and ability of financial institution to compete depend on their ability to profitability and manage credit risk. This is the reasons why lending is based on the two fundamental products of banking: money and information. Banks obtain these products from customers themselves by offering customer valuable services. They package money and information about their borrowers together with valuable banking services to create loan agreements and sell the loan agreements back to their customers (Hempel and Simonson, 2007).

As such, risk rating system in financial institution contains both objective and subjective elements. Objective aspect are based on financial statements and application of certain financial ratio that reflect liquidity, leverage and earnings. Despite the requirement that risk be quantified, risk rating systems always have a subjective dimension that attempts to capture intangibles such as the quality of management, the borrower’s status within the industry, and the quality of financial reporting. These subjective items may result in inconsistencies.

It is in this regard that many financial institutions have faced difficulties over the years arising from their inability to effectively manage credit risk. As such the major cause of serious banking problems continues to be directly related to tax credit standard for borrowers and counterparties, poor portfolio risk management, or lack of attention lead to a deterioration in the credit standard of a bank’s counterparties. Hence, the need to investigate the subject matter of this research becomes imperative.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

Commercial banks in the recent past witness rising non-performing credit portfolios sequel to the inability of their management to effectively manage risk and credit administration. That problem resulted to high bad debts in commercial bank and a number of other commercial banks were classified as distressed banks by the monetary authorities.

Consequently, the need to examine the subject matter: An Assessment of risk management and credit administration in Union Bank Plc, Kaduna Main branch becomes worthy of

AN ASSESSMENT OF LOAN MANAGEMENT IN BANKING SECTOR

( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC)

COMPLETE MATERIAL IS N5,000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

ABSTRACT

 

This project work An Assessment of Loans management in banking sectors a study of Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. Kaduna Branch. The study has been done in an attempt to explore the extent the Union bank Kaduan Branch has been controlling its credit system to the Central Bank of Nigeria. Credit guidelines in the development of the National economy.

Banks have generally been credited with and enviable image of being an important sources for capital development. This recognition is derived largely from assumed roles of most banking Institution in mobilizing various depot and channeling their towards profitable investment outlets to the extent that the size, type and level of such investments along with other complementary factors contribute to the improvements of National economy.

Some of the highlights in his project statement of the background of Union Bank Plc, statement of the general problems, objectives of the study, hypothesis, limitation and delimitations, significance, organization and definition of term.

The study includes a review of related literature on how commercial banks determine their lending powers, the CBN credit control and monetary policy over the banks. In addition the study includes types of securities and analysis of sectoral distribution of loans and advances.

The chapter three of the study terms loans and advances. However, it is hope that that the banks will pay more attention in granting loans to the productive sectors of the economy so as to make industrialization policy of the country a reality.

The researcher also has given useful recommendation that will aid and assist the development of banking system and the economy in general.

 

Chapter one

1. Introduction

1.1    Background of the study

1.2    Statement of the problems

1.3    Objectives of the study

1.4    Research question

1.5    Significance of the study

1.6    Scope of the study

1.7    Histroical background of the case study

1.8    defintioin of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

2. Lierature review

2.1    Hisotrical background

2.2    commerical banks services

2.3    commerical banks and Nigerian government

2.4    classes of client/customers of Commercial banks

2.5    lending service in commercial banks

2.6    origin of bank lending

2.7    crdit guidelines

2.8    determination of bank lending

2.9    lona policies or lending policies

2.10  appraising loan opporutnties

2.11  basic principels of bank lending

2.12  problems of effective lending services

2.13  prospect of bank lending

2.14  the Central Bank involvement lending

2.15  Reason for granting loan

2.16  Advantages of loan and overdraft

Chapter three

3. Research methodology

3.1    Introduction

3.2    method of data collection

3.3    Population and sample size

3.4    Sampling technique

3.5    methods of data analysis

3.6    Justificaiton for the choice

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4. Data presentation analysis and interpretation

4.1    Introduction

4.2    Data analysis and interpretation

4.3    Summary of findings

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5. Summary, conclusion and recommendation

5.1    Summary

5.2    Conclusion

5.3    Limitation of the study

5.4    Recommendations

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Generally in Nigeria, banks are usually accused by customer’s of number of short comings, which are regarded as problems and failure in banking system. These include lack of awareness by customers of the services they offer subjecting the customers to long queues unsympathetic staff in terms of courtesy and efficiency, intricals and unprogressive lending policies and procedures irregular issue of statement etc, all these result in low level of customer satisfaction.

 

At moment, Nigeria is fast attempting to transform into a modern industrial society whether this attempt will be achieved or not is still questionable. The urban area having now high population densihes from rural, which are supposed to be the sources of raw materials for the industries. Hence the achievement of industrial objective rest squarely on the shoulders of the banks.

Banks could help Nigeria reframe herself and produce raw materials for her mills and not solely depend on imported ones.

This could be done by diversifying the source of income from the present mono (based solely on petroleum revenue) to that of (diversified one)

The banks role in attaining the above objective ultimately, specially and efficiently is very crucial.

Having experienced the strain, intricale and procedures of obtaining banks loanable fund that researcher mind was directed to the questions as to what participates such stumbling blocks in our banking system. It is the blame on the banks, the customer and the government for not appreciating the place of credit in our society for instance, the banks by the nature of their business exercise a high degree of economic power. To them belong to the naira power which is the lubricate/accelerator of our economy. They have the prerogative in the choice of assets (businesses) they place their disposable portion of funds deposited with them by customers. Tough they know and have experienced the positive results of attempt in the effective provision and use of credit, the banks have been rather very skeptical in exercise this their power not  withstanding the central bank of Nigeria issues annual directives to licensed banks allocating prescribing quantitative ceiling as well as sectorial allocation of their loans and advances to the economy through the monetary policy circulars conveying the central banks, credit guidelines.

However, it has come to be realized that these are certain problems associated with he present lending schemes which must be highlighted and solved by the customers, the banks and   government in providing loanable fund so that more benefit would be taped from this usage.

Hence, the motives behind the caring out of this research study.

1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

There is hardly any approach to obtaining bank loans/credits that is devoid of problems. This project thus sets out to identify the lending problem of bank and customer in Kaduna and its environments.

• high rate of interest/charge
• banks lend on short term basis cannot accommodate medium and long term borrowers.
• High rate of defaut
• Difficulty in banks policy/central bank policies
• Lack of security to back-up the lending

AN ASSESSMENT OF LOAN DEFAULTS AND ITS IMPACTS ON PROFITABILITY IN ECO BANK PLC LEVENTIS ROUNDABOUT BY AHMADU BELLO WAY, KADUNA

COMPLETE MATERIAL IS N5,000.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE!!!

ABSTRACT

This research work titled “An Assessment of Loan Defaults and its Impact on Profitability” with special references to Eco Bank Nigeria Plc, Kaduna. The study was conducted to find practical means of minimizing the incidence of default on loans in our banks. This research work focuses on the introduction to the study, the statement of research problem, objectives of the study, the scope and limitation as well as historical background of the case study. Further still, the researcher highlighted the method adopted in the collection and gathering of both primary and secondary data. This was the questioning method which involves the use of questionnaire and personal interview, the next focus was on the analysis of the data collected and the presentation. All data collected was analyzed through the use of (1) tabular method, (ii) likert rating scale. However, the summary of the findings were shows that an assessment of loan defaults and its impact on profitability as in case of Eco Bank Nigeria Plc Kaduna where considerable increase has been recorded due to the competent and effective collection strategy employed. Conclusively, it was gathered that all credit should be for legitimate purpose and adequate processes should be established to ensure that financial institutions are not used for fraudulent activities that are prohibited by law.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study      –         –         –         –         –         –         1

1.2     Statement of Problem –         –         –         –         –         –         –         5

1.2     Objective of the Study –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

1.3     Significance of the Study      –         –         –         –         –         –         7

1.4     Scope of the Study       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         7

1.5     Research Questions     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         8

1.6     Scope of the Study       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         9

1.7     Limitation of the Study         –         –         –         –         –         –         10

1.8     Definition of Terms     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         10

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         13

2.2     Credit Classification   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         13

2.2     Liquidity Requirement of Bank     –         –         –         –         –         20

2.3     Overdraft   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         25

2.4     Banking Risk      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         25

2.5     Credit Policy-      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         30

2.6     Defaults     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         43

2.7     Causes / reason and Impacts of Loan Default –         –         46

CHAPTER THREE:

3.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         52

3.2     Research Design          –         –         –         –         –         –         –         52

3.3     Area of the Study         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         53

3.4     Population of the Study        –         –         –         –         –         –         53

3.5     Population Sample are Sampling technique   –         –         –         54

3.6     Instruments of Data Collection     –         –         –         –         –         55

3.7     Instruments for Data Collection   –         –         –         –         –         55

3.8     Reliability of the Instrument         –         –         –         –         –         55

3.9     Methods of Data Presentation and Analysis  –         –         –         56

3.10   Methods of Data Analysis    –         –         –         –         –         –         56

 

CHAPTER FOUR:

4.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         58

4.2     Characteristics of Respondents     –         –         –         –         –         58

4.3     Data Presentation and Analysis   –         –         –         –         –         63

4.4     Summary of Findings  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         70

4.5     Discussion of Findings          –         –         –         –         –         –         71

 

CHAPTER FIVE:

5.1     Summary   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         73

5.2     Conclusion –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         75

5.3     Recommendations       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         75

References –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         81

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Attempts to explain the operation of commercial banks began with the inception of banking institution. Lending has become a vital role in banking operations because of its direct effect on economic growth and business department. In most countries, banks and their lending activities have useful integrated into government policy formulation. As far as banks are concerned, their role as lenders is important as that of deposit taking into consideration; the interrelationship in banking system. All commercial banks have common attributes, they keep deposits for their customers, permit certain deposits to be transferred by cheques from an individual account to other accounts in any bank in the country, make loans and invest in government securities.

It is these common features particularly the holding of demand deposits that distinguished commercial banks from other financial institutions, banks like all other business organization have the commercial objective or primary to objective maximize profit, they do this through granting of loans and generate interest from such loans, this translate into profits to banks in their bid to maximize profit.

According to Clarke (2009) problem loans crises as a result of default in the payment agreement caving undue delay in payment and or possible loss. In the banking industry, problem are often inheritable consequence, which have serious cost implication for banks, conservative lending through suppresses profit while supportive leading the possibility of default.

We are Nigeria’s leading retail bank, we emerge from the largest merger and consolidation in Nigeria’s banking industry following the landmark banking consolidation spearheaded by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) mire financial institutions with competences in investment banking corporate and retail banking came together in January 2006 to form ECO Bank.

The banks have 216 business officers spread across the country and we are working to increase this number in the nearest future it has 7 largest bank by business locations with Head Office at 785, Herbert Macauley Way, Central Business District Abuja, while the Head Office is at Annex 290A Akin Olugbade Street, Victoria Island Lagos.

The Bank have seventeen (17) regional offices in Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland Ibadan, Benin, Port Harcourt, Kano, Abuja, Kaduna, Bauchi, Minna, Maiduguri, Apapa, Enugu, Makurdi, Yola, Dutse, and Sokoto. This helps it to maintain one of the fastest decision making processes in the industry today.

As the Nigerian financial sector grows we are gradually transforming into a financial super-market with subsidiaries covering insurance, pensions fund management, share registration and stock broking. In this regard, we have majority shareholding in Fug Pension Limited, Insurance Brokers, Caranda Management Services Ltd, Pelican Press and Unity Registration Ltd in consolidating this strategic business direction. Eco Bank has equally acquired majority shares in Unity Capital Assurance Plc a leading Insurance Company.

Today the bank is one of the largest employers of labour in Nigeria and contributor in Nigeria and contributor to its gross domestic product (GDP). The bank and its subsidiaries employ about 5,000 people. In the first year of operation the bank grew other balance sheet size 29% profitability also grew by 418% to N2.57 billion which is equivalent to USD 20.43m. The result of the second year of operation also holds great promise.

Services Offered

Eco Bank in line with its mission statement to remain the best in providing financial services and create superior wealth to their shareholders has developed numerous in tech. services and product apart from the traditional product such as saving,

AN ASSESSMENT OF ADEQUATE RISK RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN INSURANCE COMPANIES

(A case study of Leadway Assurance Company. Plc. Kaduna)

COMPLETE MATERIAL COST 5000. BUY NOW

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Insurance is a security device used by the inured to protect himself against a risk purchased from the insure and the right to be indemnified if the risk should materialize. The purchase price which the insured pays the insurer is known as the premium, often paid on  monthly or annually basis and the insurer in return compensate the insured in event of loss.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCWE INDUSTRY IN Nigeria begins in 1950 during the colonial era period characterized by a market dominated by Europeans company which virtually held the monopoly of insurance business over the continent of Africa. At that time most Nigerians citizens are not aware of insurance and it importance. After Nigeria independence in 1960 most of the industries managed by the Europeans are been taken over by Nigerians. As they begin to managed those companies, the awareness of insurance and it importance was known.

In the 1980, insurance companies operating in Nigeria begins to grow in numbers and the need to enlighten the citizens on insurance was carried out by some of the employee of those companies. Who went to the street to educate they people on the danger of risk that might occur in many ways, such as fire, theft, accident, rain storms etc. and the responsibility of the insurance is to compensate the unfortunate person who has suffered losses by