A STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL IN THE BAKER INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY OF HIGHLIFE BAKERY EMENE ENUGU)
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ABSTRACT
The thesis of “statistical quality control on the production of Bread” emphasizes on the application of statistical techniques in the creation of goods statistical techniques in the creation of goods and services which is of utmost important to humanity. Everyday, human being makes use of manufactured products for their daily consumption and livelihood. This consumers are ignorant of the processes the food had gone trough before consumption. They are also ignorant of how the raw materials were collected, how they are processed, they are only involved at last stage of the production which is the eventual resulted output from the raw materials.
Therefore, it is of immense important that trails and correction of errors are following continuously in the production process in a firm such that when errors and short comings are corrected, it will provide an area for a reliable but standardized quality of output thereby enhancing the products as well as giving the desirable quality of products to the entire members of the society In this research work, there is every tendency to illustrate this desirable impact of quality control in production of bread.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problems 3
1.3 Aims/objectives of the study 5
1.4 Limitation of the study 6
1.5 Definition of terms 7
CHAPTER TWO
The Review Of The Related Literature 11
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology 25
3.1 Steps to consider when constructing
acceptance sampling secheme 37
3.2 The role of statistics in production industry 38
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis and presentation 39
4.1 Method of data collection 39
4.2 Summary/interpretation of results 59
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion 61
5.1 Summary of the study 61
5.2 Findings 63
5.3 Conclusion 64
5.4 Recommendation 65
Bibliography 67
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Production as the term entails creation of goods and services which is important to humanity. The concept of statistical study encompasses the whole activities involved in the process of collection, organisation, analyzing, presentation and interpretation of the numerical data collected. Quality control comprise the system of inspection analysis and action applied to a manufacturing operation in inspecting a small portion of product anvently produced.
In modern day industries, the complexities of industrial production and management has proved it necessary that the management must be supplied with statistical data of those concerning output, cost of raw materials etc, in order to achieve greater effectiveness in the combination of these factors used in production.
The statistical concept which involves the systematic collective of numerical data and the scientific method of drawing conclusion, inference to result on the basis of the collected information. This two processes correspond to the main branches of statistics which are descriptive and inferential statistics respectively and which made them applicable to all human endeavours.
Therefore the introduction of quality control as a statistical technique will enable firms to avoid shortcoming in the running and executive of function in such organisation. The standard of the product of an industry depends on it’s quality, most production firms encounter some problems in the quality levels of their products. Before production starts a decision is necessary so as to know what is to be made. Next comes the actual manufacturing of the product.
Finally it must be determined whether the product manufactured is what was intended. It is convenient to think of all matters related to quality of manufacturing product in terms of these function of specification production, and inspection.
Although the introduction of process inspection is some time a by product, it should be noted that a direct object of statistical quality control is to provides a new tool that makes process inspection more effective. The information obtained by process inspection – either conducted by roving inspections or by machine operators themselves is often misused to make too frequent machine adjustments.
Therefore the use of statistical quality control is based on. Whether to continue production, to stop production and look for an assignable cause of defect.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Product standardization of an industry depends on it’s quality. Some problems are being encountered during production in the quality level of their products. Before product starts, a decision is necessary so as to know what is to be made or produce. After that comes the actual manufacturing of the products than manufacture red is as following.
In examining the theoretical process of bread or bakery. There is the obvious involvement of measurement of quantities and the mixing of proportionate quantities of raw materials and even the timing of the process.
Therefore the use of statistical quality control is based on
- Whether to continued production or
- To s top production and look for an assignable cause of detects.
Here it should be noted that a treat object of statistical quality control is to provide a better ways to improve product quality. The issues of acceptance of raw material and manufactured product will meet bias judgement if a statistical standard is not, used in the judgement of acceptance and rejection of manufactured products. Some questions came to my mind. Do some of these manufactured bakery bread that consumers buy conform to the set standard for them?
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study of quality control has given a lot of impact in modern day industries. This is due to scientific method under which it is being used in achieving the desired good in the quality standard of output produced. When we talk about quality control in the industries. Will say the degree to which a product meets the requirement of the customers. There are many aims and objectives while it should be embraced, and some of these reasons are.
To construct statistical quality control chart for the key raw materials in use to maintain process assessment of both men and machine finally to output stage.
To construct statistical quality control for the product of highlife bakery Emene to revealed some practical problems that may arise is the control of Bakery Industries.
To also suggest better ways of improving product quality in Highlife Bakery.
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In the course of this study, I encounter many problems and moralization from some industries and other things I intended to study on. Thus I made sure I fought tooth and nail to see that win or achieved my goal. Some of this problems encounter are:
- Problems in time schedule: I encountered problems of deferred appointment. Both where I collected my data and where I collected the materials I sued in writing.
- Expenses encountered during the collection of these data both transportation and other miscellaneous expenses too numerous to mention.
- Insufficient materials: There was not enough statistical quality control test book in school library. This required me going from one library to the other and also some organisation like standard organisation of Nigeria to collect material to write on.
- Companies turned me down due to the suspicious nature of the job. They refused to allow me enter their production section, may be on the process of the research, secrets in their product might made public.
By going to Highlife Bakery Company to collect those data needed and ask them question for the workers or production manager.
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- CONTROL CHART: This is a graphical display of actual measurement of a quality characteristics on a chart showing limits which reflect the process capability on the characteristics
- QUALITY CONTROL: This is the degree to which a product meets the requirement of the customer
- PROCESS CONTROL: This is a method of statistical quality control used during production while the production is being made.
- SPECIFICATION LIMITS: These are those variation that exist within a specified standard. This include the upper and lower control limit which provides the basis for the acceptance or rejection of input material and the finished goods.
- PROCESS VARIABILITY: This is those differences among process existing within the specified unit.
- RECTIFICATION: This is 100% inspection of a lot or batch reflected so as to remove all the defective and replace them.
- SPECIFICATION: A specification is a set of standard to which a process is to conform to difference unit.
- ATTRIBUTE: A qualitative characteristics of an items
- QUALITY: Degree of selective excellence good attribute.
- Control charts is a chart on which the quality control characteristics be of a product being analyzed are plotted in sequence as a function of time
- DEFECTIVE: This is a standard that the goods have run short of expectation.
- PRODUCTION: Putting together of some material or effort to reach object.
- STANDARD SPECIFICATION: A specification adopted for use by a trade associate.
- TOLERANCE: Is the variability allowed is a process line.
- STATISTICAL TOLERANCE LIMITS: The limits computed from the results of a sample test between which under a given assumptions.
- STATISTICS: A branch of science which has to do with data collection which represents fact.
- QUALITY DESIGN: It deals with measure of the excellence of the design in relation to the customer’s requirement.
- ASSURANCE: Which is the provision of evidence is proof that requirement have been met.
- ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING: Is a tool for the quality of manufactured product.
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