IMPACT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA. UBA)

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ABSTRACT

The study looked into the social responsibility of commercial banks in Nigeria With particular reference to metropolis. United Bank for Africa (UBA) was used as a case study as would be seen in chapter four. The research is geared towards finding the extent commercials banks are responsive to social responsibilities in the environments they operate and how the government encourages them in carrying such responsibilities I actual sense.

 

The treatment of corporate social responsibility is very complex either in theory or practice. There have been problems ranging from conceptual definition to application, problem of enforcement etc. these problems have surfaced in the Nigerian context very widely. It is the intention of this study therefore to identify the facets of corporate social responsibility, to identify being socially responsible and see the role of the government towards regulating such responses.

 

The questionnaire and verbal interview conducted with the official of the bank shows appreciate contribution on their part towards their social responsibility, they however, noted that the welfare and health of the people is the responsibility of the government. The satisfied with the level of cooperation received from various groups contacted in the course of writing the project hence the contribution of this to the good quality of the work. Also believed this work will assist as well as other interested members of the public. Finally, the problems were critically analysed hence useful suggestions and recommendations were made.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    Introduction/Background-     —      —      –       –       –       –       1

1.1    Statement of general problem –      –       –       –       –       –       6

1.2    Objective of the Study –        –       –       —      –       –       –       8

1.3    Scope of the Study –    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       9

1.4    Significance of the study       –       –       –       –       –       –       9

1.5    Hypothesis –        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       10

1.6    Definition of Terminologies-   –       –       –       –       –       –       10

 

CHAPTER TWO – Review or Related Literature

2.1    Introduction        –       –       –       –      –       –       –       12

2.2    Literature Review –       –       –       –       –       –       –       12

2.3    Summary – –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       27

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1    Introduction –     –       –       –       —      –       –       –       31

3.2    Research Design –       –       –       –       –       –       –       31

3.3    Population of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       32

3.4    Sample Size –      –       –       —      –       –       –       –       32

3.5    Method of data Collection –   –       –       –       –       –       32

3.5    Method of Data Analysis        –       –       –       –       –       33

CHAPTER FOUR – Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1    Introduction –     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       34

4.2    Data Presentation –      –       –       –       –       –       –       34

4.3    Data Analysis –    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       38

4.4    Findings of the Study – –       –       –       –       –       –       41

4.5    Summary – –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       42

 

CHAPTER FIVE – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations         

5.1    Introduction –     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       44

5.2    Summary – –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       44

5.3    Conclusion –        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       45

5.4    Limitations of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       47

5.5    Recommendations –     –       –       –       –       –       –       48

References

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND

No one question has received attention by businesses, government, politicians and people in general in the past few years than probably the question of what the social responsibility of business should be.

 

This question, though originally aimed at profit oriented business in now being posed to non-profit oriented business institution in the society; Universities, hospital governmental agencies, charitable organization etc. are all increasingly being confronted with similar demand and being attacked for not assuring responsibility for society’s ills and problems.

 

As society awakens and become vocal with respect to the urgency of social problems is asking the managers of all kinds of organizations particularly those at the top as to what they are doing to discharge their social responsibility and why they are not doing more.

 

About decade ago, a broad movement probably of an evolutionary nature began in the utilized countries of the world. It is movement to take institutions particularly business institutions more responsive to human needs. The business firm is thus caught up in the stream of events as it is being pressed by public sentiment and legislative and regulatory action to respond to issue beyond its traditional task of producing and distributing goods and services at a profit.

 

Traditionally, managers of business enterprises have been asked by society to concentrate on using efficiently the resources at their disposal to produce goods and services that customers wanted at agreed prices, they were willing to pay, maximize profits. But today, businesses are being asked to contribute more to the quality of life.

 

In discussing and analyzing commercial Banks and social responsibility in Nigeria, the emphasis is not on what commercial bank should or might do to tackle and solve problems of society, rather than problems of their employees, shareholders and customers. The concept of social responsibility for social and political goals and that they became the keepers of society’s concern and not merely keepers of society’s financial resources.

 

The emphasis is on the contributions banks can make to such social problems and social issues as support of education, health and medical care, support for disables and unemployed persons, than maintenance and restoration of the physical environment, improving public transportation and involvement in community development (e.g. borehole construction, children park, local market construction etc)

 

It is pertinent to point out that the, social demands on business have been and will continue to increase significantly and the role of business firms in the society.

The amount of attention give not the area of social responsibility by both management and society has increased in recent years and probably will continue to increase in the future.

 

Background of the Study

The modern commercial banking dates bank to the colonial period during which Nigerians was under the political administration of Britain. It is not surprising therefore that the banking scene was dominated by British banks which were affiliates of the leading banks in United Kingdom.

 

Banking began in Nigeria in 1892 “under the initiative of foreign investors, when the Elder Dumpster lines, a shipping company started some form of banking business in the country to facilitate to own transactions. By 1894, what was then the bank of British West Africa, later Standard Bank Ltd, and now First Bank of Nigeria plc, became the first to establish banking business in Nigeria. It remained the sole bank until 1917 when later colonial bank, later Barclays Bank of Nigeria limited and now Union bank of Nigeria Plc, open branches in the country. The British and French Bank now United bank for Africa affiliate of the banquet Nationale Pour’le Commerceetl’ Industries, a large French banking establishment, came in 1947 to make the third expatriate bank which dominated early Nigeria commercial banking. Together the banks controlled close to 90% aggregate bank deposit.

The indigenously owned commercial banks were of more recent origin, from 1914 to the early 1930’s several abortive attempts were made to establish locally owned and managed banks to break the foreign monopoly in banking many of these attempts were unsuccessfully due to under capitalization, poor management over expansion, and aggressive competition from expatriate banks.

 

The first ill-fated bank, the industrial and commercial bank, set up in 1929, went under in 1930 in 1931 the Nigerian Mercantile Bank was established, and dissolved in 1936. national Bank of Nigeria was set up in 1933, which turned out to be the 1^st indigenous banks to survive but died down in 1990 the next private indigenous banks to be established were the Agbonmagbe Bank in 1945. the bank survived until 1969 when its assets were taken over by the then western state government and its named charged to Wema Bank

 

The fifth bank, the Nigeria penny Banks, setup in the early forties collapsed in 1946. African continental bank Plc came into being in 1947 and the bank of the North (now Unity Bank) was established in 1961 all the other commercial and cooperative banks were established in the later sixties or early seventies all of then being wholly owned by Nigeria institution and industrials.

 

The period 1892 -1952 is perhaps remembered as the period of free for all banking with no licensing required and no regulation of any sort to restrict and control the establishment and operation of a Bank. The Banking industry did not come under any regulation until the bank ordinance of 1952. besides the 1952 Bank ordinance and its amendment in 1958 the banking (amendment) Act of 1962, and the banking decree of the 1970’s took several actions to put the banking practices and operation on a sound footing.

 

The banking ordinance of 1958, which established the central Bank of Nigeria marked the turning point in government efforts to harness the activities of the banks for national development. This, it could be said that, the legislative control of banking activity was triggered by the crises associated with the early history of banking in Nigeria.

 

The number of commercial Banks and their branch offices has increased tremendously. Today there are many banks in the country although some of them are merchant and development banks.

 

The dichotomy between indigenous and expatriate commercial banks which was very distinct in the 1960 had been significantly blurred capital of the expatriate banks in the 80’s they have now been sold wholly to the public by government disinvestments through privatization and commercialization. These privatization and commercialization of the banks, which had started as private banks, has helped significantly to put those banks on a stronger forting to play their role in

 

 

 

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THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS PROCESS RE ENGINEERING ON THE ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVES IN FIRST BANK PLC, KADUNA

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ABSTRACT

The study examined effect of business process re-engineering on the organizational objectives of First Bank Plc, Kaduna. A survey study was used to obtain empirical data from the field, through the use of 21 item questionnaire design in five likert scale. The population consisted of staff of First Bank Kaduna main branch Yakubu Gowon Way. Out of a total population of 125 staff 100 was selected using the simple random selection technique.

 

The research findings indicate that business process re-engineering facilitates goal attainment through improvement in the workflow of an organization thereby increasing efficiency and enhancing customer satisfaction. The method of business process re-engineering in First Bank is basically continuous process improvement, value-stream reinvention and enterprise redesign.

 

Inspite of the positive effect of re-engineering in an organization, it is confronted with the problem of change resistance by employees, cultural resistance, implementation risk as well as the problem of delegating re-engineering task to outsiders.

 

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study       –         –         –         –         –         –         1

1.2     Statement of the problem-   –         –         –         –         –         –         2

1.3     Objective of the study –         –         –         –         –         –         –         3

1.4     Significance of the study       –         –         –         –         –         –         4

1.5     Research questions     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         4

1.6     Scope of the study        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         5

1.7     Limitation of the study         –         –         –         –         –         –         5

1.8     Definition of terms      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO – LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         7

2.2     Concept of business process re-engineering    –         –         –         7

2.3     The effect of business process re-engineering on organizational objectives   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         14

2.4     Various method of business process re-engineering          –         16

2.5     The challenges of business process re-engineering  –         –         26

2.6     Summary of the literature   –         –         –         –         –         –         32

 

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         34

3.2     Research design –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         34

3.3     Area of Study      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         35

3.4     Population of study      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         35

3.5     Sample size and sampling techniques    –         –         –         –         35

3.6     Instrument of data collection         –         –         –         –         –         35

3.7     Validity      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         36

3.8     Reliability  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         36

3.9     Method of data collection     –         –         –         –         –         –         37

3.10   Method of data analysis       –         –         –         –         –         –         37

 

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         39

4.2     Respondent characteristics  –         –         –         –         –         –         39

4.3     Data analysis      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         40

4.4     Summary of finding     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         48

4.5     Discussion of Finding- –         –         –         –         –         –         49

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION

5.1     Summary   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         52

5.2     Conclusion –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         53

5.3     Recommendation         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         53

Bibliography       –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         54

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Business process re-engineering (BPR) is the analysis and design of workflow and process within an organization. According to Davenport (1990) a business process is a set of logically related task performed to achieve a defined business outcome. Re-engineering is the basis for many recent developments in management. The cross functional team, for example, has become popular because of the desire to re-engineer separate functional task into complete cross-functional processes. Many recent management information systems developments aim to integrate a wide number of business functions. Enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, knowledge management, groupware and collaborative system, human resource management systems and customer relationship management.

 

Business process re-engineering (BPR) began as a private sector technique to help organizations fundamentally rethink how their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operation cost, and become world-class competitors. A key stimulus for re-engineering has been the constituting development and development of sophisticated information system and networks. Leading organizations are becoming bolder in using this technology to support innovative business processes, rather than refining current ways of doing work (Marshal, 2007).

 

Business process re-engineering is basically the fundamental re-thinking and radical re-design, made to an organization’s existing resources. It is more than just business improvising.

 

The importance of business process re-engineering cannot be overemphasized within the framework of assessment of organizational objective. Hence the need to study the subject matter of this research: the effect of business process re-engineering on the organizational objective in first Bank Plc Kaduna main Branch, becomes worthy of investigation.

 

1.2     Statement of Problem

Business process re-engineering has earned a bad reputation in several organization because such project have often resulted in massive layoffs (Roberts, 2004). This reputation is not altogether unwarranted, since companies have often downsized under the banner of re-engineering. Furthermore, re-engineering has not always live up to its expectation because re-engineering assumes that the factor limiting an organization’s performance is ineffectiveness of its process (which may or may not be true) and offer no means of validating that assumption. Hence the need to investigate business process

 

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL UNREST ON MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY (A case study of Enugu State Water Corporation)

 

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ABSTRACT

The study of impact of industrial unrest on management efficiency many have made an indebt study of the employees grievance as it affect the smooth running of an organization. After discussing on this topic motivation employees is the most suitable solution to forestall the industrial unrest.

 

Any organization with constant industrial unrest will never progress, not to talk of surviving among the competitors. Consider the extremes of both employer and employee for example is looking for his economy gain whole the employer is eager to achieve the organizational objectives. Any misunderstanding between the employer and the employee should always be given a very quick consideration. Employer should also treat employees as administration is a positive step towards achieving the managerial efficiency.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTER
• PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER
• THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
• DEFINITION OF TEARMS
• REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0   REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1   ORIGIN OF THE SUBJECT AREA

2.2   SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT WITHIN THE SUBJECT AREA

2.3   SCHOOL OF THOUGHT RELEVANT TO THE PROBLEM

2.4   POOR SKILL ACQUISITION SCHEMES

2.5   INSUFFICIENT WORKING MATERIALS

• PROCEDURES FOR THE RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL UNREST
• SUMMARY OF RELATED LITERATURE
• REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER THREE

• CONCLUSION
• DATA PRESENTATION
• ANALYSIS OF DATA
• RECOMMENDATION
• Conclusion

REFERENCES

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

• BACKGROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTER

 

The legal definition of unrest is dispute between employers and workman or between employers and employees or non employment with the conditions of labour of any person. Industrial unrest related to inter – organization relations about job value regulation that produces disagreement and conflicts, hence an industrial unrest can rise in any business organization providing employment of certain persons. At least one of the disputants must be a body of man.

 

Industrial unrest is a brain – child of workers grievances and could be grouped into three farms, namely dissatisfaction, compliant and grievance.

 

A dissatisfaction can be defined as any thing that disturbs the employee whether or not expresses his unrest in words or action. A complaint is a spoken or written dissatisfaction brought to the attention of the supervisor and in unionized farms the shop steward. In the language of labour relation and from the management angle, grievance is simply a complain which has been formally presented in writing, to a management representative or to a chronic official. But to most people the word grievance suggest a complaint that has been improved dismissed without due consideration by William 1980 personnel administration.

 

 

The industrial unrest of 1941 was as a result of economic difficulties caused by the first world war. The hand shop among the working class in urban centers led the railway working to demand for cost of living allowance of which the request was turned down and an industrial unrest follows. It was the Bridges committee’s report that granted the allowance.

 

Another industrial unrest was given witnessed in 1945. At the end of the seemed world was workers expected a change in their economic fortunes, but this was not realized, prices of commodities were high and the economic conditions of the time was so hash that the union demand for cost of living increase over the award made in 1942. The government refuse the demand and a general industrial unrest ensured.

 

The strike lasted for 45 and was successfully in paralyzing all economic activities. It was Davis Commissions report that granted the award of a substantial increase in the cost of living.

 

Another industrial unrest in Enugu in 1994 fed top the shooting of load miners. The load miners were on industrial unrest and aimed policemen were called in for settlement and 21 miners were killed in the unrest. In water corporation Engineers said what effort are being made by the corporation to recover debt award owned by the public and private sector to improve its revenue collection machinery considering that water corporation is not a charity organization and the hazardous process of waste disconnections. This is of the questions asked by the chief Executive on the area to motivate the workers by generating enough fund to pay the workers promptly. Many souls have died in our various hospitals because of Doctors and Nurses were on industrial unrest on demand for one condition of services or another.

 

From the economic point of view labour is one of the factors of production and such indispensable, if any meaningful production or service are to be made, employees should therefore be given their due remuneration by the management and employers of labour alike.

 

Furthermore, grievance is a real or margined or the union against a management based on non – application of services. An aggrieved worker and poor efficiency. Thus high morale depends on how fairly a workers grievances. One should suggest that possible solution be made to arrest the situation from occurring at all, especially in this period of culling economy. Any organization with constant industrial dispute. Suffers a great deal of setback. In order to improve and promote the relationship between management and worker with a view of achieving maximum productivity and utmost equilibrium for the benefit of both sides of industry, the management should establish  an effective collective bargaining machinery and joint consultation an all matters of mutual interest.

 

There is always afflict of interest between the management and their workers which arises as a result of their deterring economic view.  So collective bargaining should aim at resolving those conflicts in a peaceful manner.

 

Management and employees should not hold the biblical belief that work a physical labour is a curse imposed on man by his God for alleged Sins Committed by our first parent i.e. Adam and Eve.  Instead work should be viewed as a medium through which man can keep himself alive and help him obtain his economic wants employers at labour. Should realize that if workers are treated as human beings, they will behave as such unwitting slaves or beasts, thus that is precisely how they will act.

 

 

 

• PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER

 

1. Despite the monopoly nature of Enugu Water Corporation there has been

problem of constant payment of salaries and wages of workers.

It is also difficult to sense out what value the management has for

 

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT

 

The aim of this research project is to know the essence of radio commentaries and its impact on the listeners.

The project stars with information which given insight into the historical  back ground of news commentaries.

It processed to examine the impact news commentaries creates to this listens and the distinguishing features.  It then derives into detailed exposition of relevant literature formation of research question and hypothesis.

The research question was formulated to properly address the problem on radio commentary in relation to its listens.  Questionnaire were administered to the sampled respondents. The findings on the study reveled that news commentaries have less impact on some resident of the country as a result of low level of awareness and illiteracy.

The research recommended that radio news commentaries should create enough awareness to control the effect of illiteracy level of respondent and also further studies should be encouraged.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Significance of study
• Research question
• Research hypothesis
• Definition of terms
• Assumption
• Limitation of the study

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Source of literature

• The review
• Summary of literature review

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research  method

• Research design
• Research sample
• Data collection
• Data analysis

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

Data  analysis and result

• Data analysis
• Result
• Discussion

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary & recommendation for further study

• Summary
• Recommendation
• Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix

Questionnaire

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

The history of radio news commentary in Nigeria dated back to the 1930’s when what was known as radio receiver was just a wooden box and as amp liter.  The audience has thrilled by these live commentaries run by various pioneer commentators.

Ever since the tradition of running radio commentary has remained with radio to this day.

In presidential democracy such as ours news commentary whether on the  radio newspaper or television do not only serve as surveyor of public opinion but also serve as a requisite for bridging the credibility gap between government and the governed.

Perhaps, it might be necessary to draw a line of distinction between news and news commentary. A news caster presents straight news without additional comment.  While a news talk provides background information to the new.  Writing on the uses of radio, Richard Aspinall said that:

“with limits radio can persuade   and effectively influence large  audience thereby contributing substantially to the thinking of the nation”

in the Nigeria media house today news commentary has become a ferment feature.  Airtime is allowed to news commentary immediately after major news- bulletins perhaps as an attention gaining strategy.   The media house not only give air space to commentaries written by its own staff but also uses those written in the additional headlines of various  new papers this giving freedom of expression a chance.

Today the media house news- commentary not only interpret the news but sometimes comment on societal problems but what happens to the problems or issues of the society and the views expressed by the news- talk after these Tracie broadcasts as in the media house?

Do they influence the attitude and an opinion of the country’s listening public?

 

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Perhaps 50 percent of each radio news commentary listeners who forget to fund their radio during commentary do so are more accustomed to the news paper additional page to which they can easily refer may be and may be not we shall find cut through survey in the subsequent chapters.

Owing to the fact that news- commentary are aired to  listeners and are not seen we have therefore taken it upon ourselves to present at least except of two news commentary aired by ESBS  and FRCN

Is it not often said that seeing is believing? Indeed sight or vision is an indispensable in learning and retention –vision is said to aid the memory to produce previously retained content.  And for quick remembrance of past new-talks by respondents these excerpts shall serve as basis for our analyses.  We shall present them to our respondents for answers

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A country like Nigeria with diverse culture and human resource & need radio commentaries or news talk capable of interpreting events bordering global and societal issues. Obviously these news-commentary are staunchly provided to listeners on a daily basis

Unfortunately about 80% of radio listeners ignore news- talk once they have listened to actual news broadcast but radio listeners are 100% attentive to sport commentaries. If all radio commentaries are said to interpret events occurring earlier on illuminating the hidden fact (news behind the news) to the layman then it is  to be preferred to actual broadcast.

Moreover generally the Nigeria audience seems

 

 

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