Co-operative Development and Government” with special reference on the co-operative societies in Oji River L.G.A.

 

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CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0     INTRODUCTION:

The major attraction of co-operative organization especially in the developing area is – it’s potentials for social change and improvement in the standard of living of people or well being of the populace for example many government has devoted numerous resources for the encouragement and improvement of co-operative societies in rural and urban area to eliminate/ eradicate poverty among the average citizen of the country.

Sometimes, the government involvement is observed to the extent of thrift of co-operators from self-reliance of the organization, instead of depending on government.  Consequently, the objective of the movement bring change in the economic development which Oji River Local Government cannot afford to ignore than to become one of them.  The members of the movement were benefiting through the provision of the services, the instrument of social change and transformation which will benefit the entire populace.  Thus, the co-operative society has the ability or responsibility over social economic development of the entire economy.

Notwithstanding, if such potentials are properly harnessed, the impact of this association will contribute immensely to the economic development of Oji River Local Government Area and as well as co-operative development of the area, this is the major focus of this research.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

The study on this regard “Co-operative Development and Government in Oji River Local Government” with the range of 1999 – 2004.  In the course of this study, the author Michael Kenechukwu is trying to review the excess, other words, the effect and contribution of government to co-operative of the area, Oji River divisional co-operative council.

All things being equal, co-operative is as old as time immemorial to the extent that in all engagement of human being in the world co-operative exist, think of families you cannot have an organized family without co-operation among themselves, war cannot be fought without co-operation among the group; therefore, co-operative exist either informal or informal or formal organizations.  But modern co-operative societies started in the year 1844 in Great Britain, England by Rochdale Equitable Pioneers after the pitfall of the earlier/pre-Rochdales in 1830’s co-operative societies as a result of negative effect of their practices and industrial revolution which rendered many people jobless because machines were introduced to replace human labour such as farmland were bought only by the rich and noblemen therefore, only the rich people could afford farming practices especially on a large scale.  There was the room for subsistence farmer.

 

 

The prevailing unemployment led to widespread of poverty and destitution of common man in the society, had no house to live and had no cloth to wear because everything was owned by the capitalist.  The suffering was terrible that people had to move from place to place, jumping from one job to another, from one trade to another before they could feed their family.  However, the rich were becoming richer while the poor becoming poorer.  The bad maltreatment of the masses by the capitalist lead to intervention of people that matters a lot as far as co-operative is concerned known as Robert Owen and Dr. Williams King and Rochdale Equitable Pioneers in 1844.  They are the father of modern co-operative societies as well as the touch bearer of co-operative which passes the touch of co-operative from one generation to another, their mission in co-operative was to eliminate/reduce corrupt practices and suffering of the masses in their untold condition, nevertheless, the co-operative development in Oji River divisional co-operative council started in the year 1976 when co-operative ministry implement their policy of taking over the formal eastern Nigeria co-operative training institution, Enugu, which still remain Federal Co-operative College located at Awgu now re-located at Oji River Local Government Area, Enugu State.  But before the above mentioned institution for co-operative, there are many traditional societies in their communities, towns, which had no legal backing or legal recognition.

 

 

These societies include viz:

• Egbebele Ugo Women Organisation
• Onyemalu Nwanne ya Organization
• Oga-adimma Organization
• Oganiru Age Grade Organisation

Most of these organizations mentioned above fold-up because they have no legal recognition.  Notwithstanding, following the establishment of the three (3) Federal Co-operative Colleges in Nigeria located as follows:

(a)      Federal Co-operative College, Ibadan

(b)     Federal Co-operative College, Kaduna

(c)      Federal Co-operative College, Oji River, Enugu State, the aim of these established institutions by the Federal Government in collaboration with ministry of co-operative is to produce position co-operative experts/co-operative extension officers that will help in disseminating information on co-operative matters, moreso, impacting co-operative ideologies, principles, practices, culture and norms in all nooks and corners of the rural areas.  The idea of this sector brought about full knowledge of co-operative societies in Oji River L.G.A..  They started with six (6) autonomous communities in that area stated as follows:

 

 

1. Oganiru Achi Farmer Multi-purpose Co-operative Society (OAFMCS) Limited.
2. Akpugoeze Farmer Multipurpose Co-operative Society (A.F.M.C.S.) Ltd.
3. Igwebuike Farmers Multi-purpose Co-operative Society (IFMCS) Ltd, Inyi.

4.       Ugwu…

 

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THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING CO-OPERATIVE ECONOMICS AND  MANAGEMENT IN INSTITUTIONS.

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INTRODUCTION

 

Co-operative Economics and Management in tertiary institutions help to improve the co-operative growth and development, quality manpower in co-operative.

The importance of studying co-operative in schools and tertiary institutions could as well known as co-operative education and is at the heart of co-operative for work motivation, growth, development, commitments in co-operative because is said that once a co-operative is always a co-operative.

 

Despite these, many co-operatives have failed in their respective institutions or organizations because their members indispensitions to the cooperative education or without organizing the importance of cooperative education to members.  Cooperative education is an indisputable part of cooperative function.

Therefore, I now wish to research for the importance of studying Co-operative Economics and Management in tertiary institutions, the strategics and to suggest few solutions out off the million solutions to the failure of cooperative practices in the institutions or organizations.

I have chosen institute of management and technology (IMT) Enugu as my case study.

Furthermore, why education is necessary co-operative.  Through the one hundred and 40 years of co-operative history, eminent cooperators have always insisted on the importance of education to the cooperative movement.  Robert Owen emphasized, education for citizenship to achievement of a just and moral society.

 

Rochdale Pioneer followed in his footships.  They studied and held discussion for one year before founding their society.  In 1884 they amended their statute to provide that 2^1/2%  of their profit should be aside for educational purposes because human resources is very essential to cooperative movement.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction

1.1   Background of the study

• Statement of the problem
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitations of the study
• Definition of the terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of related literature
  • Definition and meaning of Co-operative economics and Management.
  • Incorporation of cooperative studies in IMT.
  • Requirement of entry
  • Objective and structure of the cooperative programme.
  • Curriculum for the national Diploma in business studies.
  • Job opportunities for the CEM students and graduates
  • Co-operative education and training

CHAPTER THREE

• Research Design and Methodology

3.1   Sources of Data

• Method of investigation
• Method of data analysis
• The validity of investigation
• The research question
• The sample size and research question analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• The Summary of finding, Conclusion and Recommendations

4.1    Findings

• Recommendations

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Conclusion

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

Prior to the establishment of institute of management and technology Enugu, there existed till 1967 a college of technology up to the ordinary diploma level.  An institution of administration which provide short in services training courses for civil servants of various grades and a cooperative college which offered a certificate course in cooperative studies to co-operative aspects from the ministry of industry, trade and cooperative.

 

These institutions were separated and separately located.  The college of technology was parts of the ministry of education and was controlled, directed by the ministry.

Similarly, the institution of administration was controlled by the ministry of establishment, while the cooperative college was directly under the ministry of rural development.

 

These institutions were staff by civil servants who were posted and re-posted from one department to another according to the need of civil service.

 

And after 1970, there came the need for higher institution of learning to upgrade the training in the technological and managerial field in which there were several need for manpower development.

The future graduates in the technology and management and their allied field would be more effective by functional training than the programme they offered by the college of technology and to institute of administrations.  To the founding father, their main aim was the maximization of management efficiency and of professional and technical expertise and the acquisition of the additional tool for these.

 

 

 

The close coupling of management and technology in the new objectives was needless and not fruitful.  The management and technology of today needs training, education, for effective and efficiency satisfaction and fulfillment of itself and role in the world in which applied science entrails more and more problems of both moral and ecological significance.  It can no longer afford to be the narrow minded profession concerned with only machine and structure.   It must be inculcate with the understanding of the relationship with social setting of its position within the industrial environment.

 

 

The personnel must work with other people and therefore must be acquainted with basis of personnel and labour matters.  It was as a result of these that the idea of an autonomous IMT was conceived.

 

In pursuance of these, the executive council of the state agreed to merge the former college of technology and the institute of administration and upgrade their function in 1971.  both the institute and college of technology serve under the unified control of the cabinet office on 1^st April, 1972.

 

In October of the same year a provisional council for the proposed new institute was appointed by the administration of the East central state, the council was charged with the responsibility of determining and recommending to government the appropriate structure of an autonomous institution that would produce high quality technologist and technicians.  The council persuaded this task with vigour and determination and in early April 1973, it submitted its findings.

 

On 31^st May 1973, an Edict No. 10 titled “The institution of management and technology Edict 1973” was promulgated.  The Edict took effect from 1^st July 1973 and  thus gave birth to institute of management and technology while its first chairman was DR. UKWU.

 

In October, the institute opened its doors to students admitting 550 students in addition to 300 second year students of 850 students.  At the time of opening, there were only 20 senior staff including the Rector, Registrar, Academic staff and four Administrative staff.  The institute started with eleven department grouped into three divisions.  The first ever convocation of the institute was held on 16^th of October 1976 and about 900 graduates received Diploma and higher Diploma.

 

• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Department of Co-operative Studies was established as a separate department in the institute of management and technology, Enugu in January 1978. Before then, cooperative studies was but one of a number of academic programmes within the department of business management and public administration, which had either programmes like Accounting, marketing, etc and was first headed by Dr. S. Umoh.

 

In fact, IMT was the first institute of higher learning in Nigeria to start a programme in cooperative studies.  For many years, it had only one full time lecturer Dr. Enyereibe Onuoha who after a P.HD in sociology from Rome, did his cooperative studies in Canada.

He taught all the cooperative courses in the department except those requiring practical field experience, which he handed over to part time lecturers from as a one year in service programme for newly appointed junior staff of the cooperative department of the ministry of commerce and industry.

After the Nigeria civil was in  1970, the military administration of the Eastern state closed down the cooperative college at Awgu and transferred its duties to institution.

 

In 1975, the certificate programme in cooperative was upgraded  to a two year diploma programme and was no longer targeted on in-service trainees from the ministry but on secondary school leavers processing the minimum institute requirement entry.  The department requirement at this time was four cr…

 

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HOW TO ORGANIZE A VIABLE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY AS A QUALIFYING COURSE FOR THE AWARD OF THIS ORDINARY NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN CO-OPERATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT.

 

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ABSTRACT

 

This project work is channeled towards studying how to organize a viable co-operative society. It specifically dealt with motives for joining co-operative society, factors affecting the formation of co-operative society and Ten steps in organizing a viable Co-operative Society.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction

1.1  Statement of  Research Problem

• Purpose of the Study
• Background of the Study
• Theoretical Foundation of the Study
• Research Question
• Limitation of the Study
• Significant of Study

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Who is a Co-operator?
• What is a Co-operative and Value?
• What is a co-operative society?
• Co-operative values
• Types of Co-operative Societies
• Consumer Co-operative
• Agricultural Co-operative
• Productive/Producer Co-operative
• Classification of Co-operatives Societies
• According to Functions
• According to the Economic status of members of the Society.
• According to the sector of the Economy in which the societies are engaged.
• According to the number of function carried out by the societies.
• According to the level of operation of the societies.
• According to the area of operation
• According to the legal status of societies
• According to the liability of the members on liquidation of the societies.
• According to the level of integration or the functional link between the members enterprises or households and the co-operative enterprises.

 

• According to the degree of autonomy
• According to the sex of members
• According to the envisaged duration of the societies
• According to the size of the societies
• According to the functional state of the societies
• According to the nature of goods produce
• Structure of co-operative societies
• Primary Co-operative Societies
• Secondary co-operative societies
• Tertiary co-operative societies
• Co-operative management structure
• Tools of control
• Principle of co-operation
• Motives for joining or forming co-operatives
• Economic motives
• Sociological/Emotional motives
• External Pressure
• Factors which influence the formation of co-operative
• Ten steps of organizing a viable co-operative societies

 

 

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methods and procedures

3.1    Research Design

• Sampling
• Description of the Research Instrument
• Method of Communication of the Research
• Field work

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data presentation and Analysis

4.1    Introduction

• Data presentation

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary
• Finding
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
• Reference

Bibliography

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

1.1       Statement of Research Problem

How to organize a viable Co-operative Society.

 

 

• Purpose of the Study:

Co-operative Society is a dynamic and viable business set-up, it has unique ideologies that under bind the movement and distinguishes them from other form of business.

However, it should be viable in order to carry her duties and responsibility very effective and efficiently.

The purpose of the study are as follows:

1. To create a sound form or ways or steps of organizing a viable co-operative society.

 

 

 

• Background of the Study:

Co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a joint owned and democratically controlled enterprise.

 

Organizing a viable co-operative societies enables the society to last long and function effectively and efficiently.  Co-operative itself started from creation.  In fact, co-operative is as old as man.  One Igbo-man has a proverb which buttress this more, “when a man is in difficulty, he seeks for help from another but when animal is, she cannot turn to another.”  In organization a viable co-operative society, there are (10) Ten steps which one must or have to follow before its/her society will be viable.

These very (10) Ten steps are short listed in the Nigerian Co-operative Society’s Decree of 1993.  By Osita Obodoechi on the Cobwebs of Co-operation, 2002, P; 2.

 

 

1.4   THEORITICAL FOUNDATION OF THE STUDY.

During the colonial days, the seed of Co-operation was sown but it could only grow slowly.  At this point, co-operative were restricted to serve only the  interest of the paymaster (the white man).  Co-operatives, then, were not allowed to grow or expand to the hinterlands. In Nigeria, the first hint on co-operative emergency occurred during the 1^st world war.  This Co-operative, which happen to be a consumer was modeled along the Rochdale of England, home of the colonialist.  This earliest co-operative society existed to reform out consumer goods which was very scarce during the world war.  Soon after the war ended, the consumer co-operative died a natural death.  It is said that there are many co-operatives in Enugu state which has encountered natural death due to one problem or the other.

 

 

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ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF IMT MULTIPURPOSE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY ENUGU)

 

 

 

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CHAPTER ONE

1.O   Introduction

1.1    Background of the Study

• Statement of problems
• Purpose of the study
• Scope of the study
• Limitation of the study
• Research questions.

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature review
  • What are the type of co-operative societies that exist in Nigeria.
  • What are the problems of co-operative societies in Nigeria?
  • Are all problems with co-operative development in Nigeria…..
  • Are all members of the co-operative qualified for membership?
  • What are the functions performed by co-operative?
  • What are the factors that influence the establishment/formation of co-operative societies?
  • Are there any effect towards co-operative in Nigeria?

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research method used
  • Sources of data
  • Population and sample size determination
  • Instrument used for data collection
  • Method of analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Representation and Analysis of data
  • Research analysis and finding
  • Analysis of questionnaire to IMT multipurpose co-operative society.

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary of findings, Conclusions and Recommendation
  • Summary of the findings.
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendix.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

 

There is a discernible pattern of co-operative development in African and Asian countries, which were former colonies of Europe, Nigeria is no exception.  During the colonial days the seed of co-operation was sown but it could only grow slowly.  At this points, co-operative were restricted to serve only the purpose of the paymaster (the white man).  Co-operatives then were not allowed to grow or expand into the hinterlands.

 

In Nigeria, the first hint on co-operative emergence occurred during the first would war.  This co-operative which happened to be a consumer co-operative was, modeled the Rochdale of England – home of the colonialist.  These early co-operative societies existed to ratio out goods, which were very scarce during the world war and died a natural death sown after the world war.

 

Thereafter, in 1926, the then colonial Agricultural ministry began organizing cocoa farmers around Abeokuta and Ibadan in Western Nigeria to market their product especially to Europe where the colonial masters needed it for their home industries.  This was also the patterned development of co-operative in British colonies.  After this experiment, the Western region of Nigeria embraced co-operative, especially marketing types.

 

The Agricultural ministry continued to maintain control and supervision over these western co-operative societies.  Emboldened by this sequence in co-operative acceptance in the west and the attendant success of the marketing co-operatives which had translated into more raw materials for parent companies in Europe, the colonial master appointed Mr. F.C Strickland to go and understudy the success story of cocoa marketing co-operatives in the western region, with a view to enacting co-operative law.

 

For three months December 1933 to March 1934 – Mr. Strickland carried out the spot assessment.  In this report, Mr. Strickland strongly recommended the introduction of co-operatives into Nigeria.  In his report which he submitted in April 1934, he strongly advocated for co-operative introduction without further delay.  Till date, Mr. F. C. Strickland’s report forms the backbone of the introduction of the co-operative to Nigeria.  Mr. Strickland also drafted a proposed ordinance and regulation; the colonial administration wasted no time in implementing it.

In line with the above understanding Mr. E. F. C Haig was appointed as a register for co-operative in Nigeria.  To be able to undertake these responsibilities, he was sent abroad to understudy the Indian Co-operative movement and Law.

 

Mr. F.C Strickland’s report no doubt kick-started the co-operative activities in Nigeria.  On return to Nigeria the first thing he did was to reorganize the cocoa farmer societies, who were already excelling in the production and marketing of the best quality cocoa.  Next was to bring these societies under the umbrella of the co-operative law.

 

The co-operative societies ordinance No. 39 of 1935 was signed into law by the king of England on 3^rd Dec, 1935 and the regulations approved came into force on the 6^th Feb. 1936.  from a  humble beginning in 1926, co-operative rose to an astonishing number of 181 in 1944.

 

In 1951, the political landscape of Nigeria changed and every nation under Nigeria was allowed to develop under regions.  So, cooperatives went the same way west East and North.

 

A co-operative is an association of persons who have voluntarily come together to achieve a common end through making equitable contribution to the capital required and accepting a fair share of risk.  It is an undertaking in which members actively participate.  A co-operative is an owner enterprise, meaning that members are at the same time the owners and the users of the goods and the facilities provided.

 

In 1980,  the Institute of Management and Technology  (IMT) multipurpose co-operative was formed.  It was registered immediately with 36 members.  Many people joined the co-operative in order to save their money and also with the aim of borrowing soft loans from the society.  The chairman of the society when it was registered was Mr. S. E. Eze (structure Lab. Campus 111).  Mr. P. Nkeanyadi as secretary (Senior staff establishment), the treasurer as Mr. I.C Ogbu (science tech) and others.

 

The society has made a lot of progress my lending money to members at a low interest rate.  It also helps members to borrow money from other organization if the co-operative does not have the facility for the loan.  No doubt co-operatives have played an effective role in the institute and Nigeria as a whole in socio-economic development and still continues to play this role, thereby steering the nation into a greater industrial society.

 

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.

Officials of co-operative societies in Nigeria especially have problems in managing their organizations because of inadequate commitment of the co-operative movement.  They are therefore unable to mobilize members.  Ignorance is part of the problem because the origin of the co-operative movement by Rochdale pioneers in England in 1844 is not widely known.  So the lack of the co-operative leads to the inefficient accomplishment of the objectives of the co-operative and its co-operators.

 

Secondly, lack of finance is another problem that militates against the smooth running of the co-operative in Nigeria.  Again, they do not even know that through borrowing and contributing one can improve the development of the so

 

 

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Cooperative Education/Training and Effective Management of Co-Operative Business Enterprises

”, with a special focus on the cooperative societies in Udi LGA.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Cooperative Education/Training is one of the cooperative principles which seek to provide Education/Training for cooperative members, elected representatives, managers and employees, so that they can contribute effectively to the development of their cooperative.  Its importance cannot be overemphasized in cooperative development.  Cooperative education/training stands in the centre of the cooperative movement. From the inception of the early cooperative of Rochadale, the pioneers of the world cooperatives movement, one of the unique tasks embarked upon was philosophy and practice of cooperative.  Even in the recent review of cooperative principles in 1966, the International Cooperative Alliance “ICA” re-stated Cooperative Education/Training as one of the cardinal principles of cooperation.  The cooperative rules laws and bye-laws of respective cooperative societies and the 1993 cooperative decree stipulated that some percentage of the cooperative society surplus should be appropriated as a provision for education, training and information of the members, management committee and other cooperative officials.  The management of cooperative business enterprises is a body of elected members in a cooperative society who handles the affairs and the day to day running of the cooperative business enterprise.  The importance of management in any organization is axiomatic.  The success or failure of an organization depends to a great extent on the quality of the management committee.

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Therefore officers and management of cooperative business enterprise required a more technical education/training to be able to control the management.  Moreover, in order to alleviate the problems of illiteracy, ignorance of members, misconduct and poor management. Cooperative education/training and management of cooperative business enterprises must be tenaciously pursued.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

          Generally, history of cooperatives education in the developing countries of the world reveals that the main cause of rickety foundation of cooperation has been the lack of cooperative education/training.

Lack of cooperative education/training is disloyalty of members, high incidence of over-due and unpaid loans, low attendance at meetings, ignorance of members’ proposals, poor member relations, bad management, low productivity resulting in little or no surplus, poor public image, inability to change with the times and other harmful result.

Lack of education/training and business inexperienced limits the effectiveness of managers, president, secretaries, treasurers and other management committee members.  Quite often, some people come together as members pool their resources together and form a cooperative society without the proper cooperative ideology.  They enter into cooperative business for political or personal interests, without adequate cooperative education/training to equip them for an effective task…

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