THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT
This research is aimed at going the enhancement high productivity in BEECHAM PLC To guide this study there are problem associated with the study which are passed on finding some major finding are that the staff training and development needs are not determined the objective of the training development programme could not be achieved to some extent employees are not motivated to increase their capabilities; and the study also seek to answer  the question of how well has training and development help the overall productivity of SmithKline Beecham Nigeria PLC; the method employed in the training and development of staff within the organization: what contribution have training and development made to solve the problem of low productivity in SmithKline Beecham Nigeria PLC
Based on the above finding some may recommendation were made for major recommendation were made for effective implementations.

TABLE CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.       Introduction

1. 1. General background to the subject matter;
   2. Problems associated with the subject matter;
   3. Problem (s) that the study will be concerned with;
   4. The improtant of studying the area;
   5. Definition of important terms;
   6. (Chapter) reference [using APA method]

CHAPTER TWO

2.       Literature review

1. 1. The origin of the subject area
   2. School of thoughts within the subject area;
   3. The school of though relevant to the problem of the study;
   4. Difference methods of studying the problems
   5. Summary
   6. References

3.       CONCLUSION

1. 1. Data presentation [highlights of the study]
   2. Analysis of the data
   3. Recommendation
   4. Conclusions
   5. References

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In managing an organization many process or techniques are  employed (for instance recruitment training and development staffing etc) one of the objective of any organization whether profit or non-profit oriented will be to have maximum productivity.  This the improtant of human resource management in the accomplishment of organization goal is involved in production or services the labour input is    vital to its success given the significant influence which employee have on productivity without one effective productivity of employees the organization will produce good or services so inefficiently that the survival of the company might be threatened
Nevertheless training and development is not looked in terms of “one and for all activity;  However it is an on-going process as new employee are trained and also longer serving employee who are  transferred to other job being promoted ( or when new equipment are hired to purchased) it required some forms of  training and development.
The aims of providing education and training of member   of the organization may be seen as the advantage derived from such training e.g. high productivity low accident and grievance and rate and labour turnover
It could then be mentioned that training and development is aimed at correcting mistakes of the  organization caused by employees work performance such low productivity high labour turnover, high grievances rate and absenteeism
Organization often engages in the regular training and development of the employees because it is assured that organization problem like productivity, profitability etc. can be solved through these activities this a more realistic approach is to ensure that training does exist and that other problem solving approaches  such as motivation job environment programme for the training to achieved its objective of productivity.
One of the most fundamental ways by which human resources can be maximized is through carefully designed and properly implemented employee training and development.

1. 1. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTERS

Training is not modern invention the handling down of important skill like the use of tools and implement such as knives ropes and nets have always been necessary for the survival of the family tribe and ultimately the human race. The emphasis, right form the distance past has been skill and the apprenticeship idea which is for older than the recent formal western system.
The general pattern was then a simple one young boys (not girls) were taken on by master craftsmen were thought the use of equipment and other techniques. In Josiah Wedgwood  time  (1744) for example the master was required to teach him the “Art misery occupation or employment of throwing and handling” this talk of “art” and “misery” dates to the middle ages and even earlier. Additionally, there was other less manual skills based areas of training.
In religion (particularly for those becoming priests the service of the law of the state is bureaucratic (indeed in ancient china to be able to write beautify  poems was a good recommendation of high public office)
However it was easy (and common) for apprentices (and other trainees) to be used as cheap labour being exploited and used as a general run about for his master not always being taught the art and misery very well
We can say about his training activity that:

1. It was neither organized not consistent from trainees to trainee; nor were there any usual or national standard attainment agreed upon or recognized by group of masters
2. Such training was specific to a trade or profession (job oriented)
3. Very few people in the whole population actually received such training.

A significant impetus for change came with the industrial revocation. There was need for an ever- increasing number of  skill people to undertake the complex tasks of running and maintaining machinery.  Engineering as opposed to construction or coopering became the prime industry for apprenticeship. To help in the training mechanics institutes or night school were founded the forerunners of  today’s technical colleges and polytechnics.
Further more very significant changes in training took place as a result of two world wars.  In each war large number of men were taken from factories to serve in the aimed forces and other peoples some men but mostly women filled vacant job in the factories. Lessons never learned in training of large numbers of people to reach certain minimum standard in a short time.

THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS

(A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT
The aim of this research project is to know the essence of radio commentaries and its impact on the listeners.
The project stars with information which given insight into the historical  back ground of news commentaries. It processed to examine the impact news commentaries creates to this listens and the distinguishing features.  It then derives into detailed exposition of relevant literature formation of research question and hypothesis.
The research question was formulated to properly address the problem on radio commentary in relation to its listens.  Questionnaire were administered to the sampled respondents. The findings on the study reveled that news commentaries have less impact on some resident of the country as a result of low level of awareness and illiteracy.
The research recommended that radio news commentaries should create enough awareness to control the effect of illiteracy level of respondent and also further studies should be encouraged.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statement of problem
   3. Objective of the study
   4. Significance of study
   5. Research question
   6. Research hypothesis
   7. Definition of terms
   8. Assumption
   9. Limitation of the  study

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     Source of literature

1. 1. The review
   2. Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1     Research  method

1. 1. Research design
   2. Research sample
   3. Data collection
   4. Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
Data  analysis and result

1. 1. Data analysis
   2. Result
   3. Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE
Summary & recommendation for further study

1. 1. Summary
   2. Recommendation
   3. Conclusion

Bibliography
Appendix
Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The history of radio news commentary in Nigeria dated back to the 1930’s when what was known as radio receiver was just a wooden box and as amp liter.  The audience has thrilled by these live commentaries run by various pioneer commentators. Ever since the tradition of running radio commentary has remained with radio to this day. In presidential democracy such as ours news commentary whether on the  radio newspaper or television do not only serve as surveyor of public opinion but also serve as a requisite for bridging the credibility gap between government and the governed. Perhaps, it might be necessary to draw a line of distinction between news and news commentary. A news caster presents straight news without additional comment.  While a news talk provides background information to the new.  Writing on the uses of radio, Richard Aspinall said that:
“with limits radio can persuade   and effectively influence large  audience thereby contributing substantially to the thinking of the nation”
in the Nigeria media house today news commentary has become a ferment feature.  Airtime is allowed to news commentary immediately after major news- bulletins perhaps as an attention gaining strategy.   The media house not only give air space to commentaries written by its own staff but also uses those written in the additional headlines of various  new papers this giving freedom of expression a chance.
Today the media house news- commentary not only interpret the news but sometimes comment on societal problems but what happens to the problems or issues of the society and the views expressed by the news- talk after these Tracie broadcasts as in the media house?
Do they influence the attitude and an opinion of the country’s listening public?

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Perhaps 50 percent of each radio news commentary listeners who forget to fund their radio during commentary do so are more accustomed to the news paper additional page to which they can easily refer may be and may be not we shall find cut through survey in the subsequent chapters.
Owing to the fact that news- commentary are aired to  listeners and are not seen we have therefore taken it upon ourselves to present at least except of two news commentary aired by ESBS  and FRCN
Is it not often said that seeing is believing? Indeed sight or vision is an indispensable in learning and retention –vision is said to aid the memory to produce previously retained content.  And for quick remembrance of past new-talks by respondents these excerpts shall serve as basis for our analyses.  We shall present them to our respondents for answers

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A country like Nigeria with diverse culture and human resource & need radio commentaries or news talk capable of interpreting events bordering global and societal issues. Obviously these news-commentary are staunchly provided to listeners on a daily basis Unfortunately about 80% of radio listeners ignore news- talk once they have listened to actual news broadcast but radio listeners are 100% attentive to sport commentaries. If all radio commentaries are said to interpret events occurring earlier on illuminating the hidden fact (news behind the news) to the layman then it is  to be preferred to actual broadcast. Moreover generally the Nigeria audience seems not to appreciate radio commentaries as their western counterpart who listen to radio and write feedback to their radio stations such as BBC which in turn  offers them a round the clock service.

 

EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY

(A CASE STUDY OF ESUT, ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT
According to N. C. Abah, motivation is the mind to do a thing because that thing has meaning to the person doing it. (N. C. Abah 1997: 115).  Also Emma E. O. Chukwuemeka said that for an individual to be motivated, he must believe that an act on his part must be followed by a given outcome. (Chukwuemeka 1998: 171). Motivation has been defined in terms of how behaviour get started and how it is sustained, is directed, stopped and how it is sustained, is directed stopped and what kind of subjective reaction is present in the organism while all this is going on. (Jonesty Rored) Nebraska symposium on motivation as quoted by N. C. Chantsl pg 97 in his book public personnel and Administration).  The relationship between motivation and productivity is the backbone of this research work. The project is an arduous attempt to study the productivity, using Enugu State University of Science and Technology, (ESUT) as a test group. Specifically, the research intends to isolate and analyse the motivational techniques employed by analyse the motivational techniques employed by the mentioned university to solicit workers co-operation.
Methodologically, this study is descriptive and pattern of descriptive analysis is based on answers to certain research questions formulated by the researcher.       Statistically tool of the chi-square (x2) is used in analyzing the views of the respondents, the high lights drawn thereof;

1. Promotion of the Enugu State University of Science and Tec is a factor of Educational qualification and handwork.
2. The workers – boss relationship affects the overall productivity of the organisation.
3. Bureaucratic processes do not prevent the formulating and implementing effective staff maintenance technique.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1   Background of the study
1.2   Statement of the problem
1.3   Objective of the study
1.4   Scope of the study
1.5   Significance of the study
1.6   Definition of terms
References

CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature
2.1   Introduction
2.2   Motivation – A theoretical discourse
2.3   Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of need theory
2.4   Fredrick Herzberg’s two-factor theory
2.5   Douglas Mcgregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
2.6   The concept of productivity
2.7   Enugu State University of Science and Technology; background information.
2.8   The governance of the university
2.9   The registry
2.10 Motivation in Enugu State University of Science and Technology
2.11 Discipline procedure
2.12 Suspension
2.13 Summary of the literature reviewed
References

CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
3.1  Research design
3.2   Area of the study
3.3   Population of the study
3.4   Sample and sampling procedure
3.5   Instrument for data collection
3.6   Validation of the instrument
3.7   Reliability of the study
3.8   Method of data collection
3.9   Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
CHAPTER FIVE    
Discussion, implications and recommendation
5.1   Discussion of results
5.2   Conclusion
5.3   Implication of the result
5.4   Recommendation
5.5   Suggestion for further research
5.6   Limited of the study
References
Bibliography
Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In any given state different utility functions are performed. Some of these function services can be produced by private individuals but the cost will be high as to be beyond the financial reach of every individual who requires such essential goods, functions and services. In order to avoid such situations government decides to provide these essential functions and services itself. In doing so, the government does not want such services reasons to be under taken by a government departments or agency but instead sets up special institution, gives them legal and economic advice of edicts, decrees or acts of parliament to provide essential services. Among others, such organisation so set up became known broadly as state university or polytechnic.
Enugu state university of science and technology is Enugu state owned institution of higher learning established by the former Governor of Anambra State Chief (Hon) Dr. Jim ifeanyichuwku Nwobodo in 1980 following the creation of Enugu state in 1991, it became Enugu State University of Science and Technology. The institution is changed with the training of middle and high level manpower, carrying out research geared towards solving human problems among others. To achieve these goals and objectives, the university was staffed with different member of academic and non-academic staff.
Thus, all activities of any organizations are initiated and determined by the persons who make up that institution.
Dale Yoder (1972: 225) argues in affirmative, he contends that working organisations presumably begin with knowing the requirement of people, what ever may be their organisational goals and objectives, they can be implemented only through the end for the capabilities of people. Organisational structure must be manned or staffed, if they are to accomplish anything.
Human effort therefore is central to the attainment of any organisational goal.
The ability to motivate workers in any organisation will go a long way to enhance the organisational out put and productivity. Achievement of the workforce.
1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1. ESUT staff are not paid as at when due, these had resulted in poor performance of staff.
2. The staff of ESUT are not usually exposed to in service and other training programmes which had resulted to inefficiency.
3. ESUT staff are not promoted based on merit but on whether the affected officer knew those in authority and it had caused low productivity, poor performance workers.
4. Incessant strike actions by staff of Enugu State University of Science and Tech, had also affected productivity of staff.

1. 1. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The search for solution to the problems of motivation and productivity in Enugu State University of Science and Technology has almost proved futile. Those problems are multifarious and have provoked series of researches on how to reduce these anomalies to the warmest minimum and make Enugu University of Science and Technology (ESUT) achieve better result (training of Manpower).          
It is the objective of this research to show that if the motivational strategies are effective, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) can improve her level of performance.
Therefore, the specific objective or purpose of this research could be narrowed down as follows:
a.       To examine the effectiveness of the existing motivational strategies like in service and other training programes in ESUT.
b.       To examine the factors effecting the non-payment of salaries in ESUT.
c.       To identify possible steps to be taken in order to solve the problems of low productivity. This will include determining the extent workers negative emotion affects productivity in the institution.
d.       To identify and pin down other variables that impede productivity in ESUT like incessant strike actions by the staff and others if different from the above.

THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION 

(A CASE STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE)

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ABSTRACT

The role of planning and forecasting in business organization is a topic chosen from the business administration and management field.
The research was conducted mainly to examine the positive and negatives effects of not making good use of planning and forecasting in the business administration of an organization. For effective research on this topic THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION. Both primary and secondary data were used to elicit information from sample studied, the primary source of data were response form the personal interview which secondary source form textbook on business management and administration and periodicals.
Twenty-five people were interviewed as the sample of the staff and management of EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LTD.
The data analysis was based on oral interview I had with the staff of Eastern Shop (twenty five) the major finding as follows.

1. The planning and Forecasting is aids to correct mismanagement in business organization.
2. And the planning and forecasting gives go ahead over to any individual organization that is going into business to make judicious use of forecasting and planning as a way of success in any business.
3. Poor Forecasting attitude and inadequate planning
4. Poor Integration of Forecasting and planning in running of business.

                                               TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1     Introduction
1.2     Background of the Subject Matter
1.3     Problem Associated with the Subject Matter
1.4     The Problem the Study will be concerned with
1.5     The Importance of Study
1.6     Definition of Importance Term

1. 1. Reference

CHAPTER TWO:         LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     The Origin of the Subject Matter
2.2     Schools of Thought Within the Subject Area

1. 1. The schools of Thought Relevant to
   2. The Subject Matter

2.5     Difference Methods of Studying the Problem
2.6     Summary
2.7     Reference

CHAPTER THREE:              CONCLUSION
3.1    Data Presentation
3.2     Analysis of the Data
3.3     Recommendation
3.4     Conclusions
3.5     References

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     INTRODUCTION
Andreas Faludi states that “Planning and Forecasting is the Queen Mother function of management (organization) and that if planning and forecasting fail what/who will you direct, control, budget, staff, co-ordinate or organize rather than failure and shame”. Again he state of tension resulting from observing unexpected events. (Toulinin,1960).
Planning and Forecasting present efforts to reduce surprise caused by such events by giving practicable accounts of how they come about.”

WHAT IS PLANNING AND FORECASTING?
Forecasting is preparing of an organizational future objectives and its current material and personnel inventory, the general or departmental manager makes an estimate of the current material and human resources that will be able to do in the future and how many more human and material resources the organization must hire to meet its goals (Needle 1999:178).
Any business organization without element of forecasting in like driving a car blind- folded and being directed by a man looking out through the back window. Furthermore, forecasting is prediction; it is an effort by enterprises to know what the future holds for it. Henry Fayol speaks of prevalence as the essence of management.
According to Fayol “this looking ahead include both assessing the future and making provision for it.
Modern business management has become a complex activity and so there is the need for adequate forecasting, the need for adequate forecasting is apparent from the hey role it plays in planning Koontz et al stated that “as influence in plans of the entire environment outside the enterprises has come to be increasingly recognizes forecasting of the environment has risen in importance”.
The role of forecasting in business organization is so important that it must be adapted by managers. The making of forecasting and their review by manager compel thinking ahead looking to the future and providing for it. Also, the very act of forecasting may disclose areas where necessary control is lacking.
PLANNING:
Andreas Faludi state “Man’s understanding of this world and his ability to act in it depends on his constructing an imaginary in his own mind this applies equally well to the planner’s understanding of himself and his appreciation”. Planning in its simplest meaning is the determination of anything in advance of action. Planning is defined by Koontz O. Donneil as, “deciding in advance what to do who is to do it, when to do it and why it should be done”.
Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go planning can also be defined as “ a predetermined cause of action that helps to provide purpose and direction for members of an enterprise.
In designing an environment for effective performance of individual working together in groups, the most essential task is to see that purpose and objective and methods of attaining them are clearly understood. Planning is the first function of a manager. It is necessary if anything or activities is to reach the denied goal. Through planning a manager can approach pre-determined objective rationally. All the work of an executive whether he know it or not, is some way connected with the unfolding of a plan. In identifying the role of planning in business organization, Koontz et al State that, “we are in an economic technological social and political era in which planning like other function of managers has become requisite for enterprise survival”.
Planning is unique in that it established the objective necessary for all group efforts.
Planning and Forecasting are important tools of company management and decision- making as they assist in the appraisal of investment project in the analysis measurement and improvement of current marketing strategy and manpower planning and in the identification and development of new products and new market further they promote and facilitate the proper functioning of the many aspects of company’s activities.
Planning and Forecasting are compliment in that for a good result both go together they could be regarded as independent parts that make a specified whole writing also in the concept, Koontz O’ Donneil states that forecasting especially where participated throughout the organization may help to unify and co-ordinate plans. By focusing attention on the future, it assists in bringing a singleness of purpose to planning”.

1.2     BACKGROUND OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
The popular super market called Eastern Shop was established in May 28, 1960 almost five (5) Months after the independence of this country, this took place at Ogui Road Enugu then Anambra State now Enugu State which is formerly known as the headquarters of Eastern Nigeria.
The supermarket is situated opposite Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium and around it were other big shops like Bubble’s, ABC Transport etc. the amazing thing concerns this shop is that the manager or the sole proprietor is a family man that had engage in other business and finally settle in opening a big supermarket. He entered into the business with little or no experience in the field of supermarket business.
Originally the name of managing director of the supermarket is Chief M.O. Okoli, Ozo Zulu Agulu 1 of Agulu in Aniocha Local Government Area of (old and new) Anambra State. He is one of the pioneer members of Enugu State association of supermarket this was to enable him to curb some of the problems that he is passing and planning in business. The supermarket has other branches in Lagos, and Onitsha. In the establishment, he employed general operation manager (GOM) who sees to the running of the business. The company also has shop manager who direct the affairs of cashier, store manager and restaurant department and report to the GOM. Eastern shop is made up of five (5) departments/ units.

1. Accounting department
2. Cashier   department
3. Store department
4. Restaurant department
5. Cold room department

Eastern shop deals mostly on consumer’s goods like cosmetics, wears, candy foods, baby wears and toys. The problem of proper planning and forecasting is among the major problem that limits the more expansion of the business these can be clearly seen from an adage that says “ that business is full of risks”.
Besides, the researchers were able to note the sum of N500 Naira was used as initial capital of the business and today the property of the business is on millions and it have more than twenty people as employees, this simply means that it is no longer small- scale business as the law required. But as a result of inadequate application role of good understanding in the techniques of forecasting and planning integration in business; he cannot make good pricing quality and quantity of product sales.
Since improper planning is as good as not planning at all based on the above promising and manifesting problem, these calls for the researchers to investigate the project topic to help the present situation that is facing the business.

STRATEGIES OF PROMOTING PRODUCTIVITY IN CIVIL SERVICE

(A CASE STUDY OF  STATE CIVIL SERVICES COMMISSION)

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ABSTRACT
This study is a research of the Enugu State Civil Service Commission the purpose of the study includes:

1. To find out whether civil servant actually perform below standard.
2. To find out whether productivity is really declining in the civil services.
3. To find out what the causes are in the civil services.
4. To find out the measures to be taken in order to arrest the situation.

While carrying out the research, the data collection method adopted was the questionnaires, the statistical tool used was chi-square.  A total of one hundred questionnaires were distributed out of which twenty was returned.  The finding from the research questions show that.

1. Adequate knowledge of job requirement of motivation and the use of official working hours in the civil service.   At the end, the research made recommendations, some of them include
2. Management should improve on the working conditions for the staff so that the organization will achieve its desired goals and without good working condition the staff will not be comfortable to work thereby reducing the effectiveness of their work.
3. They should try and have a communication link between them because communication is one of the tools that lead to effective management, furthermore employ or recruit skilled people in order to have increased out put and to achieve their objectives.
4. Management should also motivate their worker by paying them their salaries when due.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statement of the problem
   3. Purpose of the study
   4. Significance of the study
   5. Research questions
   6. Research hypothesis
   7. Scope of the study
   8. Limitations of the study
   9. Definition of term

References

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. 1. Literature review
   2. Entrepreneurial traits
   3. Objectives of entrepreneurship in business
   4. Role of entrepreneur in business
   5. Limitations of entrepreneurial development
   6. Remedies to the limitations
   7. Development of entrepreneurship
   8.   Impact for entrepreneurship in the nation economy

References
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND MYTHOLOGY

1. 1. Research Design
   2. Area of the study
   3. Population of the study
   4. Sample and sampling procedure
   5. Instrument for Data collection
   6. Validation for the instrument
   7. Reliability for the instrument
   8. Method of data Analysis

Reference

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

1. 1. Presentation
   2. Summary of results

Reference

CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION OF RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSIONS

1. 1. Discussion of result / findings
   2. Conclusions
   3. Implication of the research finding
   4. Recommendation
   5. Suggestions for further research

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY
Productivity has been defined as the volume of good and service produced per worker within some specified unit of the year, now there have been consistent public outer about continuous decline of productivity in the civil service. It is for this reason that this work is being carried out in the view to finding the cause of low productivity how to eliminate these cause and these by bring about recommendation, that will promote productivity in the civil service in general to achieve a successful result in the programme. I have decided to carry out a case study of Enugu state civil service commission.

However the historical back ground of the civil service commission was dated back to the end of colonial masters and post independence period.

After the second world war, there were about 14 British Administration in the secretarial 70 Nigerians support staff and one Europe stenography. The head quarter of most technical department which was in Ebutemetta. (Lagos). The head quarter of the mine was in jos, while the agriculture and forestry was in Ibadan, field administration was co-ordinate from two center, kaduna for north and Lagos laster Enugu for the south.

In 1939, southern Nigeria was split into two region respectively. The Richard constitution in 1914 further divided the country into three region namely the northern western and Eastern regions. The macpherson constitution of 1951, introduced the appointment of ministers for the region and at the center of the civil service between the politician in office and the authorities of the lugardera, the duties of all administrative office. Were juct that of maintaining law and order in the district placed under the immediate administrative control. It was only at the end of World War II that effort were made to achieve some social and economic benefit for Nigerians. It was at that time
Such office like the department of marketing and export were established. The rapid Nigerianisation of civil service and the executive council brought about new conception of the role of the civil service
For example, in the western Nigerians civil service were told that policy making was the exclusive function of the legislature. So, the civil servant were to do. In the eastern state civil servants were to give sound advice to the political leaders, control the traditional aspect of government activities and were also to be efficient executive who could manage and threat all the complex operation of the made state.

In the northern Nigerian, the duties of administrative office include to assist to give training to people as regard building up an efficient institution of local government and finally to facilitate the emergence of an intelligent and responsible public opinion. The system of administration that emerged on was also English language that was used as a medium of communication in the conduct of government business the country fought the civil war six year after independence and this was quickly followed about six year of oil boom which brought about extreme materialism. The give rise to great indiscipline, corruption and a total contemplation order, honour and excellence within the whole society including the civil service. Having discussed the historical background of the civil service and its roles before and after independence it is necessary at this stage to define the term “productivity which is the main object of the research.

1. 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There has been consistent low productivity in the civil service since Nigeria independence of Igbo. This study set out to asses the knowledge of job motivation and use of office work hour in the civil service in order to promote productivity.