SOLVING UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM, THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NKANU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT
This research study focuses on the solving of unemployment problem through the establishment of small scale business in Nigeria.A vivid study of Nkanu-East Local Government Area. The study is trying to look into how the unemployment problem can be solved by  introducing small industry, which can be managed using the little capital.The research consulted some literatures related works, like Njideka P. (1998) setting small scale business management Enugu, Iyka Publishing Venture. Kotle – P. (1998) marketing management Analysis Planing implementation and control London. An this work was design to Nkanu East Local Government of Enugu State by establishing small scale industries and disbursing of capital as borrowing to them by the government. Method used in the collection of data are primary and secondary method. In primary data collection method, personal interview, questionnaire, personal observation, were a dated within the study area of Nkanu East Local Government of Enugu State.
Also secondary data collection was used on additional source of  data.The use of literature located text book, Journalists, newspapers and  other forms were adopted.One may conclude therefore that the crealing or the establishment of small scale industries in Nkanu East will be given a relief to  the  people, by creating employment, so as to  easy hardship. More so, it has or  manufacturing of primary  product before  it can be  used as final product by the by form.The following solutions are recommended, that government should  provide financial objectives   to ease  the establishment of small scale industries.However, government should problems experts to teach  on profit articulation and presentation if their credit, to the prospective leaders.
The research findings has shown that the establishment of small scale industries in Nkanu East Local Government of Enugu State will help increase the standard of the people living.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.       Introduction

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statement of the study
   3. Purpose of the study
   4. Scope of the study
   5. Significance of the study
   6. Limitation of the study
   7. Definition of the study
   8. Reference

CHAPTER TWO
Review of related literature

1. 1. Literature review
   2. Definition by different authors
   3. The role of small scale business in solving  unemployment problems.
   4. Contribution of the federal government to the development of small scale industries
   5. Source of fund available to the
   6. Reference

CHAPTER THREE

1. 1. Conclusion
   2. Implication of the keeping findings
   3. Recommendation
   4. Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
In adequate appreciation of how unemployment could be solved through the establishment of small scale business I Nigeria and in particular or Nkanu East Local government Area of Enugu State, there also the need for the initial performance of defining unemployment? As well as small scale business and inter worse both for our purpose.  However, the Oxford dictionary of recent English defined unemployment as the state being unemployed and the amount of usual labour. Unemployment is also people who are willing and able to work but have no job. On the other side of small-scale business has been defined by a list of authors more precily by a man called peter. Ejiofor (1989) in this book.

FUNDATION OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
As these enterprises that relating small capital investment that produces in small qualities and a result control of a small share of  the market, that em ploy more than sixty percent  of workers  in which the management, marketing and an entrepreneur function a re  rested in the proprietor.
Also according to Klott Lawrence in 1973, that small-scale industry is any industry which is independently owed and operated and not dominant in it’s area of operation, industries whether a business is small fair sized or by. The says that a small business requires at least one man who is not engaged in any other financial work required. Although it’s true that small scale business create job opportunity and facilitate the economy of the nation still confirmed to the large scale business.
Moreover, small-scale business is known also to have certain indispensable, which differentiate them from large-scale business. Finally the main point for measuring what constitutes a small-scale business attract the following, as to continue;

CHAPTER ONE

1.       THE SIZE OF THE BUSINESS: – Since they are small in nature, most of them are normally small in size and occupies a small share market.

1. TYPE OF MANAGEMENT: – it’s characterizes by one man management, it is owner domination, that is Purism of ownership and control. They owner management participates activity in all level of decision. Making a day-to-day operation and management of the business.
2. INFORMATION FLOW: – In small scale business as a one man business, the information is known to come from the owner to they workers and feed back is encourage effectively.
3. SOLE PROPERITORSHIP: – They are always polited by they sole proprietorship who does not want to go into particuliarship with others i.e they are ruled solely.
4. CHEAP LABOUR:– Most of them in these case due to the type of their business, they search for cheap labour to do work for them, so that they can pay at the end  of the day.
5. SMALL OUTLAY: – Due to the nature and size. They normally have small invest able capital to run their business. Some illustrations of small business are small-scale poultry farming, Fashion and  hair dressing, phone called business etc.

According to yakass, (1990) over the years there has been controversy over the definition of small scale industry.   The absence of universal acceptable definition has compounded the problems of many industrialists.
The control bank of Nigeria definition of small scale over does not exceed N 500, 000. 00 to 600, 000. 00. For commercial bank or capital investment not N2 millions and turn over to million for merchant banks.
The NERFUND (National Economic Reconstruction Fund) defines a small-scale operation, as the medium scale enterprise is any business requirement between N 6 millions and N10million also depart lend to start.
The federal ministry of industries defines small-scale industry as a manufacturing, processing or serving enterprises whose capital investment does not exceed N 250, 000 in machinery and equipment only.
The definition is to bring down the parameliar under which an industrialist may take advantages different machineries created by the government such machinery include the granting of loans equipment and raw materials.

1.2              STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
In these recent days Nigeria, the country has been afflicted with so many unemployment problems. This accounts largely for the social ills that have been devialled, the country to day such as, oblaing by false, pretence or advance fees found move popularly known as “419” robbery, bribery and corruption which has become the bane of Nigeria potion and otherwise.
However, it is well common that graduates produced from various institutions of higher learning and other highly skilled professionals hardly secure jobs takes less of suitable employment opportunity in our country Nigeria in particular. Youth coppers for example on passing out move from  one street to other in searching of job or an employment but no way.

TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS IN MULTI-CAMPUSES IN HIGHER INSTTUTION OF LEARNNG AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

  (A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T ENUGU).

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ABSTRACT

The study has the aim of elaborating on some of the causes of transportation problems in multi-campuses in higher institutions of learning and their possible solution.
The method of research used to collect information for the study is secondary source, with the help of secondary source, the researcher was able to ascertain some of the causes of transportation’s problem in multi-campuses in higher institutions of learning such as bad road etc and their possible solution.
Based on these findings, useful suggestions were equally made on how to solve the problem of transportation in multi-campuses.  Some of these suggestions include proper management, re-orientation, abolition of multi-campuses system etc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction

1.1     General background to the subject matter

1. 1. Problems associated with the subject matter
   2. The problems that the study will be concerned with
   3. The Importance of the studying the area
   4. Definition of important terms
   5. Reference

CHAPTER TWO

1. Literature Review

2.1     School of Thought within the subject area

1. 1. The origin of the subject area
   2. The School of Thought relevant to the problem of study
   3. Different methods of studying the problem
   4. Summary
   5. Reference

CHAPTER THREE:

1. Conclusion

3.1     Data presentation (Highlights of the subject)

1. 1. Analysis of the Data
   2. Recommendation
   3. Conclusions
   4. References

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

Life expectancy has never met anyone without some hitches.  This is a result of the unclear nature of the world we are in. Transportation case, is not an exception, in schools or in the commercial sector, transportation has been a major stumbling block to economic growth.
In our higher institution, especially the multi-campuses, this has gained lots of havoc to the human resource development.  This becomes more complex when it has been confirmed that almost nothing is done to alleviate the problem by the authority that be. Education is one of the greatest assets for any nation.  It is a long run profitable venture for any nation.  Transport to say is the knitting needle with which every other national affair is being brought together and education is not an exception.  Due to its prime importance to bringing people in different location together, its negative effect has deterred the advancement of education in higher institutions especially the multi-campus ones.  But it, students can go to school and to their home especially for non residential institution or movement from one of the campus to the other.

This project will go into in-depth investigation to find out the causes of this transportation problem in our campuses and possible way out of the problem(s).  A case study is the Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Enugu State.
At the end of the study, revelations shall be made on how to improve the transportation problem(s) of the multi-campus institution in our nation.

1.1     OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORTATION/GENERAL BACKGROUND TO SUBJECT MATTER:
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION:
The movement of resources, be it human or material is a location of plenty to that of absent or vice versa has unique mode.
The modes of transportation among other includes:
(i)      Land transportation
(ii)     Water transportation
(iii)    Air transportation
(i)      LAND TRANSPORTATION:
This form of transport has been as old as man.  People, goods and services are conveyed from one place to another by land.  This started with long distance transport on foot followed by the use of animals as Horse and Donkeys for carrying loads.  Over the years, as man ingenuity to form the earth to his taste increases, he continues to develop easy and faster modes of land transportation.  Amongst these are road transportation and rail transportation.

(ii)     WATER TRANSPORTATION:
Is the means of carrying goods and services, people from one location to another by water.  This is achieved by means of liners, canoes, ships, engine boat etc.  It could be within a country (nation) or between two or more countries (international).
In international water transportation, ocean liners, or streamers and tramp liner are used, and it takes place on high seas, oceans and big risers.  National is within the water mass of the country; here we have lances, canoes, and engine boats as the transportation means.
Transportation by water is very good and efficient in making long distant Journey.  It is most convenient in carrying bulky goods. The weight of goods carried by this means far outweighs any other form of transportation.
(iii)    AIR TRANSPORTATION:
This started with the invention of airplane and helicopter and first flown by the WRIGHT BROTHERS.  This form is in no doubt the height of means ingenuity to making transportation much more effective, efficient and faster.  It is fastest, align much more effective, efficient and fastest.  It is fastest, safer and can convey both people, goods and mail at ease.  Bulky goods are also flown into air without a do.  It makes the farthest distance ever.  International travels are made in hours, and minutes.  Presently, homage is being paid to other plants like mars, Jupiter etc by an advanced country from aeroplane called space craft.

1. 1. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSPORTATION:

Life is never a merry-go round affair.  At one in or the other, unwanted events stand on the way of progress.  Transportation also face the same fate.  Amongst the problems of transportation are:
(a)     Lack of Good Road:
This as a result, great extent militate road transportation case.  Our roads are too bad for the vehicle that plays in them.  During the season, most of them are so worst that no vehicle can pass, they become barriers in certain places if any driver insist on crossing over, his vehicle with either sink of fail into it and he would have himself to blame.
(b)     Weather:
Weather according to Oxford Advanced Learners of current English defines weather as the climates condition of a place over a period of time.  Weather in air travel, aeroplane seldom makes flight when the weather condition is poor.  If visibility is poor, flight could be suspended or if there is impending snow fall or hail stone, flight could also be suspended.  Likewise countries that experience snowfall avoid transportation within the period of fall till it dries off.
Bad weather condition such as water, trade, wind etc to affect water transportation in the negative way during such period, ocean liner etc take cover at any nearby shore.
(c)      Lack of Good Network Roads:
The absence of good road network, militates the free flow of goods, people and services.  When two or more places are not properly linked locating an area from another became a tasks which may be foregone unless on strong desire/needs.  This could be as a result of natural barriers like mountain, hills, valley or negligence by the authorities concerned.
This is the sole reason why the government of any nation gives a ministry takes care of this problem, ensuring within their capability that the major area are linked up and that there is easy and free flow of traffic in Nigeria the incumbency lies on the Ministry of Works and Housing.
AMONGST THE PROBLEM ARE:
(a)     Management:
By management we mean poor or improper managing, controlling and co-ordinations of the available resources.  With which the school is being run.  These resources could be human, such as the staff and student or materials like the school house, machine building etc.  In the organization chart of the institution management, we have the personalities at the top, these are managers.  They include Vice Chancellor, Deputy Vice Chancellor, the Registrar, Deans of Faculty, Heads of Department etc.  Misdirection of the duties has really shown in many other sections of the institution management and has not only caused the problem of transportation of a lot have led to many hydra-headed problem to the institution as a whole.
This management can be seen in the following areas:
(i)      Laissez Faire Attitude of the Management over the Proper Maintenance of the School Vehicles:
The Enugu Campus (UNEC) of the institution has a work department which is more or less a camouflage or museum in the sense that the place is infested of spoilt vans littered here and there none is functional or more to put anyone functional being made.  The place has turned out to be a dumping ground for damaged van rather than vehicle maintenance unit.  Even though the school is child of the nation and should be given maximum attention, setting the standard for other schools to follow.  Transportation problem still torment the school.
Last time in June 2000, when the student of the school was assassinated by unknown men in this campus, the students wanted to take him to the UNTH to their dismay, this only Mercedes being car meant for emergency van, was said to have no flue in this student got furious by this and since they couldn’t got any vehicle to rush him to the hospital because it was at night 11.00am, this made them to act otherwise and the car was damaged entirely by the students who couldn’t control their furry.
(ii)     Excess Admission of Students:
The UNN of yester-years is no longer to UNN of present.  Then, when admission was purely on merit and within a certain range of student per department for school for years.  This time a class exceeds one hundred (100) student as against the classroom standard of 25-50.  This overcrowded situation makes consumable resources transportation.  In particular, sources because the students wouldn’t be well accommodated within the school thereby forcing them to live off-campus.

AN EVALUATION OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL IN THE LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

(A CASE STUDY OF OANDO PLC ENUGU)

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                                                                   ABSTRACT
This research was motivated to appraise the evaluation of distribution channel in the logistics management of petroleum product using Oando plc as the case study.  There was a problem of the tendency of distribution of those petroleum products to the Northern & Southern which effect to a scarcity of the product in other areas of the country.  On the contrary to the problems of this research work, an objective came to be as to ascertain whether there is an effective and efficient distribution of petroleum products, all round the country. In the process of solving and pursuance on the problems and the objectives, both primary and secondary data were sourced.  The targeted respondents were mainly the managers, staffs and customers were statistically determined for the purpose of both questionnaires administration and personal interview.  In organizing and presentation of data collected, tables and percentages were used and various hypothesis were tested using chi-square.  The tests of the hypothesis made the researcher to concluded that Oando plc cannot improve on the distribution channel in the logistics management of petroleum product in our country, as the critical value was greater than the expected value on both tests.5-99 > 1.2481 & 1.8838 < 5.99
The study reviews some finds which made the researcher to recommended that government should set some security agencies that can militate against perpetrator that vandalize the pipeline and other unscrupulous person (s) that engaged in similar act he believes if carefully implemented will go a long way to shortening the various problems.
                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statements of the problem
   3. Objectives of the study
   4. Significance of the study
   5. Research questions
   6. Formulation of hypothesis
   7. Scope and limitation of the study
   8. Definition of basic terms

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

1. 1. Definition of channel system
   2. Management of logistics/channel system
   3. Conflict in channel management
   4. Co-operation by channel participants
   5. Channels of distribution in petroleum products
   6. Factors affecting petroleum products
   7. Managing marketing channels of petroleum products
   8. The benefits of using efficient channel

System as a Means of Distributing Petroleum Products
References

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

1. 1. Research design
   2. Area of study
   3. Population of the study and sample size
   4. Instrument used
   5. Validity of the instrument
   6. Reliability of the instrument
   7. Method of data collection
   8. Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.

1. 1. Summary of the results and findings
   2. Testing of hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

1. 1. Discussion of the result
   2. Conclusion
   3. Recommendation, suggestion for further research bibliography

Appendices

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:
This chapter consists of details of the topic under research.  Here the background of the study statement of the problem, objectives and significance of the study will be revealed along with research question so as to enable the researcher know what the research work is all about.

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As a result of petroleum products being the major exporting product among others, of our country.  Our country solely depends on it as the highest percentage revenue on the overall percentage of the total exportation products or items.
In the 1979s after the civil war, Nigerians have Agricultural products as the dependent product in both domestic and international uses.  But today due to greater lucrative of this product all over the world, abandoned the former for the latter.
As the uses is universal, the extractive regions which are at South east and South west encountered a difficult impact to be supplied or distribute to various areas of other regions of the country, due to mainly mismanagement and other opposing factors.  The transportation of this extracting products from the originated area to the refinery was a great problem in the country, because of its form bulky and channel of distribution.
The government then employed foreign bodies to refine this product in order to reach to the hook and of the country.  The refinery built and managed by government admitted a foreign firm to have a part in the refinery for the bases of their services as regards to importation.  Still not adequate as the dealers divert this product to their own perspective regions where they expect to dispose it in a high value. At times, this petroleum products i.e. fuel, kerosene, diesel, bitumen to mention but few do change totally the generic colour used to it to another unpredicted colour thereby caused a harm to human body.  These dealers were formerly the staffs of one firm and another for years, left their various perspective offices for the marketing of these products thereby formed one organization and another to impose the prices on this products.
The region that is basically not interested in the use of this product by their majority because of their belief or customs has low cost and optimal quantities than other regions. From the facts, it becomes clear that if the left cream of the nation is to be feasible accordingly, a great percentage or rate of the standard of living would have been a something if smile to the populace.

HISTORY AND BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY (OANDO)
The company commenced business operations as a petroleum marketing company in Nigeria in 1956 under the name of “ESSO West Africa Incorporated” a subsidiary of Exxon Corporation of the United States of America.  In 1969, the company was incorporated as ESSO Standard Nigeria Limited, and in 1976, the Nigerian Government acquired all of ESSO’ s shareholding interest, thereby fully indigemising the company whose name was subsequently changed to Unipetrol Nigeria Limited.  It became a public limited liability company in 1991, when the federal government divested 60% of its shareholding to the general public, and was quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in February 1992.  In 2000, the Federal Government divested its remaining 40% shareholding in the company, 30% of which was acquired by ocean and oil investment limited whilst the balance of 10% was taking by the Nigerian Public. In 2002, the company acquired Agip Petroli International BV’s 60% shareholding in Agip Nigeria Plc (Agip) and subsequently merged with Agip to become the second largest player in the downstream petroleum marketing industry.  In December 2003, the company announced the launch of “Oando PLC” its new corporate identity to signify the creation of a proudly West Africa brand.  The new corporate identify and branding exercise portrays the values and brand essence of the company service excellence, performance – driven, dynamic and progressive, consistent quality experience and proudly West African.

1. 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Petroleum products have a numerous problems on logistics management on its distribution, it is the only and major exporting product of our country,  which is disposed in a high rate to another country thereby expect the citizening to do the same the tendency of distribution channel to the Northern and Southern regions of the country is much more sufficient than other regions, which causes scarcity of the product in these areas.  Some quantities of these products are being diversified to other different stations for a tremendous income, impact on hoarding which reveals the control is not effective. Many of the distribution channels are being vandalized by unscrupulous individuals in the area which stagnantly affects its distribution and transportation.  Moreover, there is weights and measures on the quantities of this petroleum products making the dealers to have different prices of disposing this product in their various areas.  Finally, the Boards that deals on the marketing of this petroleum products (NUPENG, PENGASIN, etc) do impose some requisitions from the federal government which may not come forth, affect its distributions.

FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

(A case study of Enugu North Local government)

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Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
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 Account Number:  0117780667. 
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Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

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                                                  ABSTRACT
The success of any enterprise depends largely on the effectiveness of its human resources in their work. The need for reappraising the manpower training and development in our organization is apparent. Therefore this research work tried to identify the problems affecting human resources development with a view to developing means for improving effectiveness in human resource management the statement of the problem the introduction limitation, significance and objective of the study were stated.
A review of related literature was made in the research   to know the opinion of different authors concerning human resources. This study was carried out throughout the use survey research method which involved the collection of data manly by the use of questionnaires the questionnaire which was developed from the research questions was designed to elicit information regarding the subject matter. It was complemented with interviews and with the aid of simple random sampling The analysis of data shows that poor recruitment motivation industrial relation machine and equipment leadership style affect human resource develop. Finally, the summary, conclusion of the finding were made

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Statement of the problem

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Limitation of the study

Research questions

Definition of terms

Reference

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. 1. The role of human resources in organization
   2. Human resources training and development
   3. The human resources requirements of public administration
   4. Enugu north local government

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

1. 1. Research design
   2. Source of data
   3. Population and simple of study
   4. Method of data collection
   5. Instruments
   6. Method of data analysis
   7. References

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER FIVE

Summary and conclusion

Recommendation
Appendixes
Letter and questionnaire
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The growth of any organization depends upon the development and utilization of people in it.  The efficiency of an organization whether private or be it public depends to a large extent on how effectively human resource are utilized.  For any organization to attain its desired objective it must seek and obtain the willing co-operaiton of the people it has to work with
Management must work, employ and therefore should develop programmes and policies that will enable them to obtain the best results from the employees
Organizations are being forced to operate in an increasingly completive environment and this places emphasis on the role of management in making the most effective use of human resource in order to meet its objectives.
In the search for organizational effectiveness there is an increasing range of specialized skills to help line managers whether in business public administration or other organizations.  In struggling to achieve objectives of the organization there are a number of “tools” which can help the managers in the execution of work and activities which have to be undertaken in forecasting and planning organizing decision making and control many of these tools will help to solve the problems affecting human resource development which arises due to complexities in modern business.
However, there are problem affecting human resources development in Enugu North, which discourages an employee from contributing his maximum human potentials, which are necessary to make for higher productivity profitability and growth. Personnel management has been defined several ways.  It is the field of study that encircles all the activities that are performed form the identification of human resources for employment to the full utilization of people and planning for their retirement the personnel management function involved recruiting selecting hiring developing participation communication motivation and remunerating employees are attained. The field of management poses many problems and these problems affect human resources development the problem to be discussed in this research includes inadequate selection, recruitment placement training motivation industrial relation communication and other environmental factors that affect human resources development, in the following six departments of Enugu Local Government namely works personnel health 80hal welfare account and finance departments.
For the most efficient possible use of worker’s skill management must be able to decide how when and where the service of each individual are to used.
1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem of this study is to investigate the inhibiting factors affecting the utilization of human resources development in the organization
Human resources development in any business organization has some problems, which proceed from either internal or    external factors.  The problems could be that of ignorance that is unaware of the need or important of   human resources development in an organization as said by beach.
Some of the prevailing socioeconomic problems of the county such as constant labour unrest using unemployment high rate of crimes poor standard of living and even inflation can be attributed to poor labour management relations in most organization.