DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ENABLING VIRTUAL CLASSROOM AND TEXT-BASED E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR NIGERIAN POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION SYSTEM

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ENABLING VIRTUAL CLASSROOM AND TEXT-BASED E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR NIGERIAN POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION SYSTEM

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ABSTRACT
The research project reported in this thesis has shown that there is need for an enabling virtual classroom and text-based E-learning environment in Nigerian Polytechnic Education System. Having identified the problems inherent in Nigerian Polytechnic Education System, A virtual classroom was designed that accommodated a blend of synchronous and Asynchronous methods of learning. Web accessibility initiative was incorporated in the design to take care of learners with some sort of disabilities. Also included, was a virtual library facility for referencing. The designed virtual classroom was used in practice to assist learners in undertaking courses in Computer Science, Banking and Finance, Business Administration and Management, Electrical/Electronics Engineering, Secretarial Studies and Mass Communication at National Diploma or Higher National Diploma levels using NBTE (National Board for Technical Education) minimum guide curriculum. HTML, DHTML, XML and Visual Basic (VB) authoring languages were used to produce the course wares. The authoring system was developed in a way that will enable lecturers who are not computer professionals to produce course wares without any serious computer programming skill. Visual Basic Programming Language was used to create the database used in this work.
The text-based facility was used to establish communication between the lecturer and the students and among themselves and even with authorities of the school.
Collaborative and didactic learning were supported by the newly designed system.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The use of computer in Education was nursed when the first business computer was completed in 1951. Educationalists dreamt of connecting College classrooms to computers which would serve as patient tutors, scrupulous examiners and tireless schedulers of instructions. Further, it was expected that the benefits to students would include the freedom to follow their own paths of learning, at their own pace at a time convenient to them, with richer materials to work with and automatic measurement of their progress.
The dream was actualized with the introduction of E-learning and its attendant virtual reality.
E-learning can be accomplished through any of the following:- web-based learning, virtual classroom, Distance learning etc.
E-learning involves the use of virtual reality in establishing a virtual classroom, virtual library and E-learning ware (or kernel or courseware) for actualizing collaborative and didactic learning.
The virtual classroom and text-based E-learning environment is internet-based. Its components include content delivery in multiple formats, management of the learning experience, and a networked community of learners, content developers and experts.
The design of a virtual classroom and text-based environment aims at providing flexible learning and develop appropriate framework for sharing good learning materials among polytechnics, self-learners and interested companies in different parts of the world.
It supports individualized higher education for young learners and supports life long learning for adults.
The actualization of an enabling E-learning environment involves the development of web-site through which access can be made to virtual library and courseware facilities and information about prospective E-learners.
The E-learning environment is text-based because E-mail facility is used to establish communication between the instructor and the E-learners. Other text based features like Addressing, Ellipses and signs were incorporated.
The design of E-learning environment accommodates a mix of synchronous and asynchronous methods of learning considering the fact that Nigeria has not fully embraced the digital revolution and also the poor funding nature of our polytechnic education system.
The designed system is user-friendly, interactive and has a feedback mechanism to ensure control and quality learning.

1.2 BACKGROUND HISTORY OF IMT
Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) is one of the polytechnics in Nigeria and situated in Enugu State.
It is under the supervision and accreditation of National Board for Technical Education (NBTE).
NBTE is a supervisory and accrediting body for all polytechnics, monotechnics and Technical Colleges in Nigeria. It is charged among other things with the following responsibilities;
i. Approved programmes for polytechnics, monotechnics and Technical Colleges that meet the standard stipulated in the national policy on education.
ii. It provides curriculum and course specifications for the various programmes.
iii. Ensure quality education and adherence to laid down policies and curriculum through periodic accreditation visitations.
iv. Ensure proper funding of polytechnics, monotechnics and College of Technologies especially those owned and sponsored by the Federal government.
v. Ensure the use of qualified academic staff.
vi. Ensure constant improvement in academic staff skills through staff development schemes, workshops and seminars.

Institute of management and Technology (IMT) Enugu came into existence in 1973 as a result of the merger of Institute of Management and college of Technology, all situated at in Enugu the capital of the then Eastern region. It has 29 departments and runs program in engineering, science and technology, Education, communication Art, financial studies and business studies.
It awards National Diploma (ND), Higher National Diploma (HND) and Nigeria Certificate in Education.
It runs full time and part time programmes. Full time program starts at 8 am and stops by 4 pm Monday to Friday while part time starts by 4 pm and stops by 8 pm Monday to Friday and 8 am to 4 pm on Saturday.
The duration of full time programme is 5 year including one year industrial training while the part time has duration of six years including one year of industrial training. Both part time and full time programmes are run in semesters.
Examination is centrally conducted on the various courses at the end of each semester.
Information Access:
i. Internal memorandum – It is used as a means of communication within the school. Then channel of communication is prime importance.
ii. Students’ information Book – It contains information on admission requirements, registration requirement and processes, school rules and regulations, grading format, departments and courses offered.

Method of learning
Face – to – face approach is adopted as method of spreading and acquiring knowledge except for the school of distance learning which uses a mix of face-to-face and radio broadcast methods.

1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
1.3.1 Lack of Physical Facilities

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This article highlights various college of education, polytechnics, universities website in Nigeria.

Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo,

Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri,

Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri,

Federal College of Educ. Abeokuta,

Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu,

Federal College of Education, Kano,

Federal College of Education, Katsina,

Federal college of Education, Kontagora,

Federal College of Education, Obudu,

Federal College of Education, Okene,

Federal College of Education, Okene,

Federal College of Education, Pankshin,

 Federal College of Education, Yola,

Federal College of Education, Zaria,

Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka,

Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba,

Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi,

Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe,

Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau,

Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku,

Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo,

State college of education

College of Education, Agbor,

Akwa-Ibom State College of Education, Afaha-Nsit,

College of Education, Akwanga, ., form and admissions list

College of Education, Akwanga,

Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa,

Adamu Augie College of Education, Argungu,

College of Education, Azare,

Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoama,

Emmanuel Alyande College of Education, Oyo,

Enugu State College of Education (Tech.) Enugu,

College of Education, Ekiadolor,

Umar Suleiman College of Education, Gashua,

College of Education, Gindiri,

Michael Otedola College of Primary Education, Moforiji,

College of Education, Port Harcourt,

Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Otto,

Tai Solarin College of Education, Ijebu-Ode,

Tai Solarin College of Education, Ijebu-Ode,

Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo,

College of Education, Ikere,

College of Education, Ilesha, .

College of Education, Ilesha,

College of Education, Ilorin,

College of Education, Jalingo,

Kano State College of Education, Kumbotso,

College of Education, Benue,

Kebbi State College of Education, Argungu,

College of Education, Minna,

Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe,

College of Education, Oju,

College of Education, Oro,

College of Education, Oro,

Oyo State College of Education, Oyo,

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College of Education, Warri,

College of Education, Warri,

FCT College of Education, Zuba,

Private college of education in Nigeria

Angel Crown College of Education, Gidan-Daya, .

Elder Oyama Memorial College of Education, Ofat-Adun,

Assanusiyah College of Education, Odeomu,

African Thinkers Community of inquiry College of Education,

Best Legacy College of Education, Ikirun,

Bauchi Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, .

Calvin Foundation College of Education, Naka,

Harvard Wilson College of Education, Aba,

Hill College of Education, Akwanga,

Institute of Ecumenical Education, Enugu,

College of Education, Foreign Links Campus Moro,

College of Education, Foreign Links Campus Moro,

Diamond College of education aba

Muhyideen College of Education, Ilorin,  

ONIT College of Education, Abagana, .

The African Church College of Education, Lagos,

St. Augustine College of Education, Yaba,

Yewa Central College of Education, Ogun,

List of Federal Universities in Nigeria

Abubakar Tafawa Belewa University,

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,

Bayero University, Kano,

Federal University, Gashua,

Federal University of Tech, Akure,

Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun,

Federal University of Technology, Minna,

Federal University of technology, Owerri,

Federal University Dutse,

Federal University Dutsin-Ma,

Federal University, Ndufu-Alike,

Federal University, Otuoke,

Federal University, Wukari,

Federal University, Birnin Kebbi,

Federal University, Gusau

Michael Okpara Univeristy of Agric, Umudike, .

Modibbo Adama University of Tech, Yola, .

National Open University of Nigeria,

Nigeria Police Academy Wudil, .

Nigeria defense Academy, Kaduna, .

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, .

University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, .

University of Agriculture Abeokuta,

University of Agriculture Markurdi,

University of Benin,

University of Calabar,

University of Lagos,

University of Maiduguri,

University of Nigeria Nsukka,

University of Port-Harcourt

University of Uyo, .

Usmanu Danfodiyo University,

List of State Universities in Nigeria admission list

Abia State University, Uturu,

Adamawa State University, Mubi,

Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba,

Amrose Alli University, Ikot Akpaden,

Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli,

Anambra State University of Sc. & Tech, Uli,

Bauchi State Unibversity, Gadau,

Benue State University Markurdi,

Bukar Abba Ibrahim University, Damaturu,

Cross River State University of Sc. & Tech, Calabar, .

Delta State University Abraka,

Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki,

Ekiti State University,

Enugu State University of Sc. & Tech. Enugu,

Gombe State University, Gombe

Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University,

Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,

Imo state University,Owerri,

Jigawa State University,

Kaduna State University, Kaduna

Kano University of Sc. & Tech, Wudil

Kebbi State University, Kebbi,

Kogi State University, Anyigba,.

Kwara State University, Ilorin, .

Ladoke Akintola university of Tech,

Lagos State University Ojo,

Nasarawa State University, Keffi,

Niger Delta University, Yenagoe,

Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye,

Ondo State University of Sc. & Tech, Okitipupa,

Osun State University, Oshogbo,

Plateau State University, Bokkos,

Rivers State University of Sc. & Tech,

Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-ode,

Taraba State University, Jalingo,

Umaru Musa Yar’Adua University,

Private Universities

Achievers University, Owo,

Adeleke University, Ede,

Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti,

African University of Sc. & Tech, Abuja,

Al-hikmah University, Ilorin,

Ajayi Crowther University, Ibadan,

Al-Qalam University, Katsina,

American University of Nigeria, Yola, .

Babcock University, Ilishan,

Baze University,

Bells University of Technology, Otta,

Benson Idahosa University, Benin,

Bingham University, New Karu,

Bowen University, Iwo,

Caleb University, Lagos, .

Caritas University, Enugu,

CETEP City University, Lagos,

Covenant University, Ota,

Crawford University, Igbesa,

Crescent University,

Elizade University, Ilara-mokin, .

Fountain University, Oshogbo,

Gregory University, Uturu,

Hallmark University,

Igbinedion University, Okada

Joseph Ayo Babalola University,Ikeji,

Kwararafa University, Wukari,

Lead City University, Ibadan,

Madonna University, Okija

Mcpherson University, Seriki

Nigerian-Turkish Nile University, Abuja,

Novena University, Ogume,

Obong University, Obong Ntak, .

Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu,

Pan-African University, Lagos,

Paul University, Awka,

Redeemer’s University, Mowe,

Renaissance University, Enugu,

Salem University, Lokoja,

The relevance of population census to economic development of rural areas in nigeria

Tansian University, Umunya, .

University of Mkar

Veritas University, .

Wellspring University, Edo, .

Wesley University of Sc. & Tech, Ondo,

Western Delta University, Oghara

List of all the Federal Polytechnics in Nigeria

    Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force,

    Air Force Institute of Technology Nigerian Air Force,

    Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana,

Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering,

     Auchi Polytechnic .

     Auchi Polytechnic .

    Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti

Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti .

Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, .

    Federal Polytechnic, Bida,

 Federal Polytechnic, Bida,

   Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu,

     Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State,

 Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State,

 Federal Polytechnic, Ida,

   Federal Polytechnic, Ida, .

  Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro,

     Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State,

    Federal Polytechnic, Mubi,

   Federal Polytechnic, Namoda,

   Federal Polytechnic, Nassarawa,

  Federal Polytechnic, Nekede,

    Federal Polytechnic, Nekede,

Federal Polytechnic, Offa,

 Federal Polytechnic, Offa,

 Federal Polytechnic, Oko,

Federal School of Dental Technology and Therapy,

Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna,

Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic,

Nigeria Army School of Military Engineering,

Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology

Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi,

Yaba College of Tech,

List of State Polytechnics in Nigeria

 Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo,

Abia State Polytechnic, .

Adamawa State Polytechnic,

Akwa-Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot-Osurua,

Benue State Poly, Ugbokolo,

Gateway Polytechnic, Igbesa,

Rufus Giwa Polytechnic,

Rufus Giwa Polytechnic,

The Polytechnic, Ibadan, .

Institute of Mgt. and Tech,

Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo

Kano State Polytechnic,

Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja,

Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin,

Lagos State Poly, Ikorodu,

Moshood Abiola Poly,

Nasarawa State Polytechnic

Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic,

Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku,

Osun State Poly, Iree,

Osun State Poly, Iree,

Osun State College of Tech, Esa-Oke,

Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro,

Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin-Ladi,

Adamawa State Poly,

Rivers State College of Arts and Science,

Rivers State College of Arts and Science

Rivers State Polytechnic,

Gateway Polytechnic Saapade

Edo State Inst. of Tech and Mgt, Usen,

Niger State Poly, Zungeru, Niger State,

List of Private Polytechnics in Nigeria

Allover Central Polytechnic,

Crown Polytechnics,

Covenant Polytechnic,

Dorben Polytechnic, Bwari-Garam Road,

Fidei Polytechnic, Gboko,

Grace Polytechnic,

Grace Polytechnic,

Igbajo Polytechnic,

The Polytechnic, Ile-Ife, NITEL Road

Lagos City Poly, Ikeja, Lagos State,

Light House Polytechnic, Eubuobanosa,

Interlink Polytechnic,

Kings Polytechnic, Ubiaja,

RONIK Polytechnic,

Shaka Polytechnic, Polytechnic, Benin city,

Temple-Gate Polytechnic,

Wolex Polytechnic

Prime Polytechnic

The Polytechnic Imesi-Ile, Osun

Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udota

Ibadan City Polytechnic

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