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THE EFFECT OF SECRET CULTS IN OUR TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T ENUGU)

THE EFFECT OF SECRET CULTS IN OUR TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T ENUGU)

 

 

 

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ABSTRACT

 

The objective of the study is to ascertain the effect of secret cult in our tertiary institution.

It equally looks the actions of the members of the different secret cults.

In other to achieve this, I made use of students, lectures, Administrative staff of institutes of management and technology, Enugu.

A questionnaire measuring the factors or effects of students involvement in secret cult was administered on the subjects.

In the use of mean and percentage scores to find out if any of the factors domains would be perceived as the major effects of students involvement in secret cult of I.M.T, Enugu. I discovered that the academic factor and the economic factors ranked it and 2nd respectively as the major causes.

And in the use of chi-square to find out the perception of the judges on the effects of secret cult, I found that the hypothesis which says that there is no professional bias among the judges is accepted since the calculated X24.365 < 12.6, which implies that there is no professional bias among the judges.

Recommendations where also made on how to curb the menace of secret cult from our universities.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • General overview
  • Objective of the study
  • Significant of the study
  • Scope and limitation of the study
  • Research problems

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

  • Method of data collection
  • Sources of data
  • Method of investigation

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and recommendations

Bibliography

Questionnaire

 


CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

  • GENERAL OVERVIEW

Whenever the story of secret cults in our tertiary institutions today is told it is always synonymous with blackmail and intimidation, torror, panic and pandemonium often resulting in Wreckages and Wanton Blord letting.

In the media, one hears cases of female students being raped here and there, other students loosing their lives as rival cult groups clash, cars and apartments belonging to lecturers and school authorities being burnt down, threats, counter threats and extortion of money and materials from fellow students by cult members.

 

Infact, the manner of violence often exhibited by these cult groups on campus would surprise horror movie actors and made nonsense of the tactics of guerilla terrorist.

 

Ironically, any of these cults some of which had been in existence close to four decades, where in the first place established by people who in their own rights or good and responsible citizens of this country. Many of founding fetters are now renowned internationals figures, world acclaimed intellectuals and achievers one right then begin to wonder as to why such great personalities could have had a hand in the laying of fiber eggs that eventually hatched and are now rampaging and threatening to bring our school system down to its foundations.

 

Interestingly, many of them now utilize every forum they attend to disown and totally disclaim these clandestine societies whose activities they say negate the spirit and circumstances for which they were put in place originally. They would tell all those who cared to listen that the secret campus cults as we known them today had not always been “secret” both in membership and operation and that they were at inception set up to highlight and protect the interest of students from evil intentions of some mischievous lectures who would victimize students in one way or the other.

 

How them did these seemingly harmless students, clubs and societies come to metamorphose into cheques of criminal banditry and devitish gangster ion. From the foregoing, it does appear that in forming these cults, their founding fathers probably did not reckon with the devastating effects their actions would later have on the society and the nations educational system. It could as well be that there are more to the situation than the public would be made to know.

Whichever way it is, the fact is that the seed of fire planted decades ago has now grown into a dangerous and uncontrollable wild fire. Gradually, the entire society is earring into the bite of this cankerworm which has continued to eat deeper and deeper everyday. Unfortunately the prey to this cult activities are the youths presented to be heir-apparent to the leadership of this country. If we fail in our guest to find the solution now, what kind of leadership would the youths of today offer the nation tomorrow? Some of them have left school and agree now to mixed with the society. The bad signs are already showing

 

Everybody now feel concerned and it is good that social organizations, religious groups and public spirited individuals are making frantic efforts to eliminate secret cult activities from our campuses. The government on the other hand had emaciated laws and legislations to check the ugly phenomenon security agent have as well been arresting and persecuting some cult members as deterrents to others.

 

But as all those were going on, campus cults seem to be going more ground and rings round themselves making their members. Untouchable perhaps we are not trying enough or that we are just wasting efforts at the wrong direction.

 

Why is it that the membership of these cults is often drawn from the children of the shakers and movers of the society or from the sons and relations of men and women at the corridors of power and influence? Some of these children have never known violence before they left their homes for the school. Why is it also that not even the several laws and legislations in existence nor the arrests and prosecution cult members were able to deter them? r what is so mysterious about these cults that members and former members are always afraid to reveal anything to non-members even at gum points. Moreover, are there some existing pips in the lives of these youths which are neglected and which they sought to fill in their own ways.

This research work takes a close and critical look at all these and more the write-up is quite incisive though by no mean exhaustive.

 

 

  • OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is to examine the major effects of student’s involvement in campus cults. It is often said that the tertiary institution is an intellectual bakery. This study tries to find out the true position of the statement in our schools. Special emphasis is therefore placed on the effects of cult activities in our tertiary institution. Attention is also paid to the impact on the lives of the youths involved both as special elements, as students and as leaders of the forthcoming generation.

In other words, the researchers bring to light the immediate and future consequences of campus cults on the society.

 

 

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Much effort is begin put into finding lasting solutions to the menace of secret societies in our schools. Perhaps there are areas that need to be checked out to ensure that in finding the solutions, the society is not just treating a sickness without first diagnosing the systems. This study mighty as well provides the missing link. It tries to do this by promoting out some of the hitherto neglected long-term effects of students involvement in secret cults and by showing the forces keeping these cults alive in schools are very much far beyond the school building.

 

 

  • SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The researchers of this project’s involvement in cults are not enough. That is why I went further to cover both the reasons for students involvement and remedies to the problem. The process of finding out these reasons threw up some interesting and challenging experience which are quite intringing as they are controversial.

 

I further limited my study to cover the beginning of this decade till date. The period is particularly significant because it is the most crisis-ridden era in the history of secret societies in our tertiary institutions. Besides had to concentrate my research on I.M.T due to logistic reasons.

 

 

  • RESEARCH PROBLEMS

In writing the project, I encountered several problems among which are the following:-

  1. a) Scarcity of research materials – due to the sensitive of the topic and the newness of the subject, it is virtually impossible to come by publications which dealt on the issue. It appears that not many writers are interested in writing books or journals in it.

Again, most respondents where too reserved to co-operate with me. The first impression they get is that I am security informants and agents are commonly trying to extract implicating confessions from them. It took a lot of persuasions and self-identifications to get people to open up. Infact I had to juggle my questionnaire several times before I could get student respondents to it.

  1. b) Finance – One major handicap that weighted heavily on me is that of money. Consequently could not visit many of the places I would have very much loved to visit.

The cost of stationers and typing materials has also risen outrageously. At a front I had to reduce the numbers of illustration in the text to save typing cost.

 

 

Continue reading THE EFFECT OF SECRET CULTS IN OUR TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T ENUGU)

TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASABA DELTA STATE 1993-2002)

TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASABA DELTA STATE 1993-2002)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

This project is based on time series analysis of quarterly registration of motor vehicles in Asaba Delta-state (1993 –2002) the whole project is divided into five chapters.Chapter one, deals with the introduction aspect of the study. Chapter two, the literature review, makes reference to other people’s work that are similar to this study.

Chapter three and four of this project work deal with the analysis of the time series data collected, filling of models, identification, forecasting.

Chapter five, consists of finding, conclusions and recommendation.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                      

  • Background of the study 1
  • Purpose of study 3
  • Significance of the study 3
  • Limitation 4
  • Scope of study 4

CHAPTER TWO                                                                                               

Literature review                                                                               5

CHAPTER THREE                                                                                 

Research methodology                                                                      8

3.0     Introduction                                                                                      8

  • Source of data           8
  • Data analysis techniques 9
  • Time series analysis 9

CHAPTER FOUR                                                                                    

4.0   Data presentation and analysis                                                         14

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                               

  • Findings 26
  • Conclusion 26
  • Recommendation 27

Appendix                                                                                         28

Bibliography                                                                                     29

 

 


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Motor vehicle evolves from the horse drawn carriage, it’s near relative from the horse drawn carriage, it near relative the stream carriage and perhaps the 19th century tricycle, but as the year went by gradually. Lost it likeness to any of it progenitor. All these at each stage of development were each used for transportation which help to limit and eventually abandon the use of animals and foot for transportation.

 

Every vehicle kept or used on, only public road must be registered and the appropriate vehicle license fee paid in respect of it. This is done by applying for a motor vehicle license.

 

The board of internal revenue which was known to be the revenue division of ministry of finance is the authority responsible for the insurance of vehicle license in the state. This board has motor licensing office in the various local government areas and the licensing offices in the various local government areas gives the monthly report to the state board.

 

There are two classes of vehicles which can be registered. They are the one that is import from outside the country or manufacture in the country that needed a change of registration for the new national identification scheme. the former require the former to fill the national motor vehicle administration form in duplicate signed by the customer. The document will be sent to the motor licensing officer in charge to verify the genuity of the document. If they are confirmed to be genuine, he will ask for two passport of the customer and mandate a registration clerk to register the vehicle before he signs. The customers pay the registration fee depending on the type of vehicle and the national vehicle administration form (N.V.A.F) is forward to the road safety commission for filling.

 

While the later is supervised by the federal road safety commission filling. The local government council will require all the vehicles to change their number plate and request for registration. General motor receipt each of which is to be photocopied in duplicate, the four copies of the (N.M.V.F) form will be filled and present to the motor vehicle licensing office for verification before mandating the registration clerk to register.

 

This registration exercise help the customer and the police to recover his/her vehicle if lost, it safe guide us against security purpose, easy identification, uniformity and revenue collection which is the source of our national income.

 

 

  • PURPOSE OF STUDY
  1. To determine the trend of registration of motor vehicle in Asaba, Delta state from the year 1993 – 2002.
  2. To forecast the number of motor vehicle registered in Asaba, Delta state for 2003 – 2004
  3. To make recommendation and conclusion on the registration of motor vehicle in Asaba, Delta state

 

 

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this research will help to establish the performance of the scheme and to find out about operational problem facing the registration system. This research work will give the internal revenue board to introduce measure and policies that will encourage the registration officers to run the operations it will also review the operation and activities of the board of internal revenue through which improvement can be accomplished and serves as a reference point to future researchers.

 

 

  • LIMITATION

Due to the high cost of transportation, lack of sufficient time series analysis and other problem that might have confronted the researcher, it become imperative to get the best and of a rather difficult and challenging situation

  • SCOPE OF STUDY

The researcher will focus his research on Asaba Area of Delta- state. This will enhance an indebt study which may be duplicated in other place by other researchers, to confirm or disapprove it’s kindling. In this study only the time series analysis of the registration of motor vehicle is considered.

 

 

 

Continue reading TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASABA DELTA STATE 1993-2002)

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COURSE OF STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COURSE OF STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

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ABSTRACT.

The study is an empirical work that attempted to investigate the background of analysis of impact of students disposition in business attitudes within the context of their educational endeavour and personal behaviours are explored within the individual concept of interest. The study analyzed and compared the differences in entrepreneurial potential and perception about entrepreneurship by graduating students of Kaduna Polytechnic. Scholars were consulted to determine their contributions to the body of knowledge within the confines of research study. The total research population was 3804 with a sample size of 370 as the respondents using stratified research design to achieve the objectives of the study and primary data collected by means of closed-ended questionnaire as instrument. The statement of hypothesis to be tested: H1: An individual student’s course of study has significant positive impact on students’ tendency to be an entrepreneur; H0: An individual course of study has no significant impact on a students’ choice of being an entrepreneur. Frequency distribution tables were used for the analysis of data collected while the hypothesis was tested using the Chi-square (X2) and the effect of each variable on the sample subjects. The study revealed that entrepreneurship practice is never restricted to one particular descriptive but applies to all aspects of human endeavour and also contributes to human and economic development of a nation. Recommendations as to the roles of individual and stakeholders were put forward particularly that the governments at all levels need to cerate a favourable business climate to boost entrepreneurial development in Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        i

Declaration –      –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Approval   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iii

Dedication          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Acknowledgement      –        –        –        –        –        –        –        v-vii

Abstract    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        viii

Table of Contents       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ix-xi

CHAPTER ONE:

1.0    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        1-2

1.1    Background of the study     –        –        –        –        –        2-5

1.2    Statement of the problem   –        –        –        –        –        5-6

1.3    Objectives of the study        –        –        –        –        –        7

1.4    Significance of the study     –        –        –        –        –        7-8

1.5    Research questions    –        –        –        –        –        –        8-9

1.6    Statement of hypothesis     –        –        –        –        –        9

1.7    Delimitation / scope of the study –        –        –        –        9-10

1.8    Definition of terms     –        –        –        –        –        –        10-12

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        13

2.1    Historical perspective of research area         –        –        –        13-15

2.2    Conceptual definition of entrepreneurship  –        –        15-18

2.3    Concept of entrepreneurship and entrepreneur   –        18-20

2.4    The process of entrepreneurship          –        –        –        –        20-22

2.5    Concept of development      –        –        –        –        –        23-24

2.6    Meaning of entrepreneurship development –        –        24

2.7    Factors influencing entrepreneurship development in the 21st century –        –          –        –        –        –        –        25-30

2.8    Characteristics and skills of an entrepreneur       –        31

2.8.1 Entrepreneurial characteristics  –        –        –        –        31-34

2.8.2 Entrepreneurial skills         –        –        –        –        –        –        34-35

2.8.3 What is entrepreneurial spirit    –        –        –        –        35-36

2.9    Dynamics of the brain as the seat of entrepreneurial empowerment      –        –          –        –        –        –        –        36-37

2.10  Functions of entrepreneurship   –        –        –        –        37-39

2.11  Benefits of entrepreneurship      –        –        –        –        40-42

2.12  Factors determining the extent of entrepreneurship     42-43

2.13  Factors influencing the development of the individual entrepreneur     –        –          –        –        –        –        –        44-46

2.14  The role of marketing in entrepreneurship development in Nigeria       –        –          –        –        –        –        –        –        46-48

2.15   Challenges of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria        46-48

2.16  The role of entrepreneurship in the development of enterprises    –        –        –          –        –        –        –        50-51

2.17  The role of government towards entrepreneurship development in Nigeria   –          –        –        –        –        51-56

2.18  The role of entrepreneurship in economic development         56-59

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        60

3.1    Area of study     –        –        –        –        –        –        –        60

3.2    Research design         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        60

3.3    Justification for its adoption        –        –        –        –        60

3.4    Population of the study       –        –        –        –        –        61

3.5    Sample size and sampling techniques –        –        –        61

3.6    Justification for sampling section        –        –        –        –        61-62

3.7    Methods of data collection –        –        –        –        –        62

3.8    Instruments used in data collection    –        –        –        62

3.9    Method used in presentation and analysis of data collected (Data analysis techniques)        –        –        –        –        –        63

3.10  Limitations        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        63

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.0    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        64

4.1    Respondents characteristics and classification     –        64

4.2    Presentation and analysis of data       –        –        –        65-72

4.3    Answer to research questions and or test hypothesis   72-76

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0    Introduction       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        77

5.1    Summary  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        77-78

5.2    Conclusion         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        79-80

5.3    Recommendations      –        –        –        –        –        –        80-82

Bibliography

Appendixes

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

The rate of unemployment among school graduates is quite alarming in Nigeria. As part of measures to ameliorate the growing ugly situation, government at all levels (federal, state and local) are putting in place measures to encourage self-reliance, creativity and innovation drive through entrepreneurship development in Nigeria.

To understand entrepreneurship and development is to discover why Nigeria is described as a developing economy. Developing economy explains the extent by which men and women should contribute to develop workable ways or strategies in order to achieve economic growth and development. It revitalizes the dominant potentialities of every youth in providing job employment for others rather than seeking out for employment. It also assists to underscore the responsibilities of the government in fostering an environment of growth for entrepreneurial initiatives. It further opens avenues for the government to develop the right strategies especially in addressing poverty in the country (Erlinda D, 2011).

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is envisaged that government at all levels will have to put in place all necessary infrastructures to promote the growth and development of small and medium scale enterprises (SME) in the country to enable Nigeria attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target set by the United Nations by the year 2012 and Nigeria vision 20-20-20. A vibrant SMSE sector is critical in the realization of MDGs objective.

Experts have observed that Nigeria may not likely meet the MDGs target by reducing poverty by 50% by the year 2015 considering the present status of SMSE operations in Nigeria.

It is universally accepted that Micro (Small) and Medium Scale Enterprises are the engine of development of any nation. A nation’s rate of development is determined by the number of SMEs in the country.

Statistical studies have shown that 40 – 50% SMEs in most advanced countries of the world are owned by graduates or those who passed through Colleges. Given this facts in Nigeria, the opposite seems to be the case (Business Day Newspaper 9th Jan., 2007, pg. 13).

Scholars have divergent views on who is an entrepreneur and who is not. While the first school of through is of the opinion the entrepreneurs can be made (taught through formal classes) the other group however are of the opinion that entrepreneurs are born (an inheritance). They argued further that entrepreneurs possess special qualities and must have the right attitude and disposition towards entrepreneurship.

This development is likely to inculcate in students the right aptitude and attitudes to starting their won business and by implicating making them a better entrepreneur. Considering the fact that the key factors that give rise to enterprise are personal, sociological and environmental factors. For quite some time now by statistical analysis, over 3 millions Nigerians in a given year become qualified to form the labour market largely from both Universities and Polytechnics but, regrettably, not more than 10% of this population are likely to gain employment to join the formal sector. The International Labour Organization collaborated this very poor level graduates, employment yearly (Bugaje, Hamalai & Indabawa, 2002).

Indeed, it is obvious that with the level of development and attendant threats in Nigeria, the possibility of government having the capability of leveraging poverty and meeting the United Nation target on MDGs 2012 is remote.

Inspite of the Federal Government of Nigeria’s effort towards setting up institutions such as National Poverty Alleviation Programme (NAPEP), Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Development Agency (SMEDAN), National Directorate of Employment (NDE), National Economic Reconstruction Fund (NERFUND) and other relevant programmes with other world bodies and NGOs, the piece of entrepreneurship development is still low when compared with other developing countries with developed nation taking the lead.

Thus, this research work is an attempt to investigate the individual characteristics of graduating students with a view to understand whether some students are more likely to take to entrepreneurship than others irrespective of their course of study. Attempt will be therefore be made to understand the possible influence of a students course of study in their desire to start a business of their own.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Substantially, governments of Nigeria (federal, state and local) are making effort to promote the development of small and medium scale enterprises and other related programmes in support but then, much is still desired interms of commitment of funds, mobilization, minimization of corruption and performance evaluation mechanisms and above all leveraging on the macro environmental operations variables (Mawoli, M.A. and Aliyu, A.N, 2010).

Nigeria still falls far short of the economic and social progress required to impact the well being of average Nigerian given that over half of the population lives on less than one dollar a day (Otah, Erlinda, 2011). Nigeria is also one of the top three countries in the world that has the largest population of poor people. Nigeria remains off-track on achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) including the goal of having the number of people who live in extreme poverty. The enormity of the challenge is corroborated by Nigeria’s low score on the Human Development Index (HDI), an index that means the average achievement of a country in terms of the welfare and quality of life of its people. It was reported that Nigeria is one that has the highest infant mortality rate in Africa and indeed worse than those of Ghana, Burkina Faso and Benin.

In education, the quality of schooling is adversely affected by large class sizes, lack of teaching materials and equipment, and lack of qualified teachers, etc. Doing business in Nigeria is hampered by poor access to infrastructure and insecurity of lives and property, political instability in some quarters. The supply of electricity is often unreliable thereby distorting business climate. According to World Bank / IFC business ranking 2008, Nigeria ranked an aggregate 125 out of the 183 economies assessed (Erlinda D. 2011).

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The research work is designed to achieve the following specific objectives:

i)       To reveal the impact of course of study on students attitudes towards entrepreneurship development.

ii)      To identify the reasons for the slow pace of entrepreneurship growth and development in Nigeria.

iii)     To identify the environmental factors influencing individual entrepreneurial spirit.

iv)     To reveal the extent to which government is contributing to entrepreneurship development.

v)      To identify the roles of entrepreneurship towards the development of Nigerian economy.

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work serves as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Higher National Diploma in Marketing by Kaduna Polytechnic.

Secondly, the research study would serve as a reference library to so many students of marketing in their quest for further investigation on the subject matter.

Thirdly, the study reveals the inherent prepositions or benefits of being self employed as against being an employee throughout one’s life.

This is so because the concept ideally promotes creativity and drivers of innovation thereby bringing to bear informed decisions and generation of great investment potentials.

Fourthly, the general public stands to benefit from the study as an emerging field but critical to socio-economic development of any nation and host of others.